28
PRESTO
November 6, 1920.
WOODS IN MUSIC INDUSTRIES
(Continued from page 24.)
wood from some other medium, and is taken up and material furnished by forests to the manufacturers
increased or purified, and is then passed on; but in of musical instruments in this country. That figure
the xylophone, short rods of wood, graduated as to alone tells the story of the importance of this class
length, are struck with a hammer, or in some other of woods along the line indicated. Measured in
way arc made to vibrate, and the tones are the feet, there is much more softwood in the United
result. Rods of different lengths are arranged to States than hardwood—five or six times as much.
produce different tones. The manufacturer's suc- But in kinds or species, hardwoods are far more
cess with this instrument, as with most others numerous than the others. Manufacturers engaged
where the resonance of wood has an important in the industry under discussion use not only more
function to perform, depends upon the care with kinds of hardwoods but a larger quantity. Five
which the wood for the rods are selected, shaped, feet of hardwood go to these manufacturers to one
seasoned, and mounted.
foot of softwood. The list and number of feet used
follow:
Wood for Keys.
Most softwoods listed in this industry do not Maple, 45,482,775; Yellow poplar, 40,371,925;
owe their place to their resonance. For instance, Chestnut, 38,125,141; Oak, 20,638,480; Elm, 15,602,-
much white pine and sugar pine are manufactured 440; Birch, 12,349,055; Basswood, 10,968,180; Red
into keys for organs and pianos, but they are pre- gum, 9,243,825; Black walnut, 4,991,808; Beech, 4,-
ferred for those places on account of their light- 186,000; Ash, 2,377,332; Cottonwood, 2,351,000; Tup-
ness and small tendency to warp, and not for any elo, 460,000; Cherry, 334,180; Sycamore, 304,600;
quality of resonance which they may possess. Such Butternut, 98,100; Buckeye, 6,000; Holly, 3,580;
softwoods, as hemlock, Douglas fir, yellow pine, Hickory, 225. Total, 207,894,636.
Uses of Maple.
and cypress are demanded for the frames of large
instruments to give the necessary strength without
Maple leads all others. It is not because this
too much weight or at too great a cost; but these wood has some special use which accounts for the
woods hold places in this industry other than as large demand, but it is due to the general fitness of
frame stock.
maple for many parts of musical instruments. Most
Hardwoods constitute eighty per cent of all the of its qualities are good ones, and it has many.
It fills numerous places and does it well. It is an
outside wood for show and an inside wood for
strength. It is hard, strong, stiff, heavy, elastic
and handsome. Its chief place is for frames and
braces, and its hardness opens the way for its em-
ployment as piano actions. A single piano does not
require much wood for actions, but in the aggregate
a large amount is so used in the course of a year
in the whole United States. It cannot be stated
how much of the forty-five million feet of maple
reported in the industry is converted into actions,
but the amount is large. Where beauty is the chief
consideration, maple meets the call. The figured
wood, commonly known as birdseye, is well known
and in wide use. This is not a separate species of
maple, for birdseye occurs in alt the species of that
tree, of which there are several. Most birdseye is
cut from the tree known as sugar maple, that from
which maple sugar is made. "No means exist for
determining how much of the maple going into this
industry is hard and how much soft, but it is certain
that hard maple is used in much greater quantities
than the soft. Most hard maple is cut from the
common sugar tree.
Yellow Poplar Second.
Yellow poplar stands second on the list, judged
by the amount used in the industry. It is known as
whitewood in some of the northern states, and an
attempt has been made to fix on it the name "tulip-
wood." The name is nice enough, and from the
point of view of the botanist it is appropriate, but
the public has not taken kindly to this name for
the wood, though a little more progress has been
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