Mechanical Memories Magazine

So, the Tivoli set the standard for future design of gaming wall machines. In order to be
accepted as ' legal', a machine had to demonstrate a degree of 'skill ' . The line between
skill and chance was never clearly defined; neither would it have been easy to do so. The
element of skill was certainly dubious in many machines to come.
As a measure of Tivoli's success, over forty patents relating to the game were taken
out over almost as many years. But the game didn't drastically change; rather, it evolved.
The cigar payout was replaced with a token payout quite early in the machine's
development, and jackpots were to come later. It wasn't until the 1930s that a new drop
case machine would oust everything that had gone before, and remain in British arcades
for another forty years.
In 1931 , Leslie Bradley in conjuction with The Perry Barr Metal Co. Ltd, took out
patent No. 3 77316 for the Challenger. This was to be the second, and indeed the last,
significant development in the Drop Case machine .
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Bradley's I 9 3 I challenger (sorry this is such a crap picture - it 's the best I could find)
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