Star Tech Journal

Issue: 1984-May - Vol 6 Issue 3

I_ASERDISC REPAIR:
PART 2: THEORY AND SAFETY
"My intent with this 6-part series on
laserdisc repair is to get a lot of useful
information into the hands of working
technicians as painlessly as possible.
Therefore, I will skip over some of the more
technical matters. This approach is
necessary, I have found, because the
alternative is to require technicians to study
for months before they have the proper
background for disc player repair. Even
without all that theory, there is a lot of good
that can be done, and that's my intent with
this series: to get the information where it
will do the most good." - Bill Turner
BY BILL TURNER, ~USTOMER SERVICE MANAGER, ELECTRO-SPORT, INC., COSTA MESA, CA
GETTING STARTED IN
LASERDISC SERVICE
Laserdiscs encoded in the
Phillips format are used in many
laser games. These discs use the
CAV, Constant Angular Velocity,
format, to enable the use of trick
functions and random access. In
the CAV format, the disc rotates
at 1800 RPM throughout the
playing time. On the disc, at
certain angles and lights, you can
see the vertical sync areas. CAV
discs can hold up to 30 minutes
continuous video, or 54,000 still
frames, on either side. See
Figure 1.
Our 6-part series continues with
"Theory and Safety". Part 1,
entitled "Short of Actual Repair",
covered the most frequent
problems with disc players, and
gave maintenance information
applicable to all laser games.
Part 1 appeared in our April
issue.
Part 2 will cover how the disc
player works, how the Pioneer
PR-821 O type disc players work,
and general safety information for
working with laser and high-
voltage equipment.
Next month and the remaining
3 months are outlined as follows:
JUNE - PART 3: VOIDING
YOUR WARRANTY
(OPENING THE DISC
PLAYER) - Disassembly of
the Pioneer PR-8210 type
disc players. Inspection of
mechanical components.
Inspection of fuses. General
troubleshooting.
JULY- PART 4: ALIGNMENT
AND REPAIR-The most
frequent alignment
procedures for the Pioneer
PR-8210 type disc players.
The most frequent problems
and their solutions.
AUGUST- PART 5: SOLID
STATE LASERDISC
PLAYERS- General
information on the new
generation of disc players.
Special maintenance and
alignment considerations for
solid state laser head
systems.
SEPTEMBER - PART 6:
COM PUTER·CONTROLLED
LASERDISC PLAYERS -
Covers the Pioneer PR-7820
type disc players. Explains
test and maintenance
considerations, and RS232
conventions.
The pits on the disc are the result
of video and sound channels
modulated by an FM carrier,
mixed, limited, and sampled.
Thus, the pits are strictly an
analog signal. The information
encoding and frequency
spectrum for the video disc are
shown in Figure 2. Laserdisc
players can be likened to
television in some parameters;
modulated FM video carriers,
audio in two separate carriers,
color phase circuitry and NTSC
phase decoding, etc., but disc
players add the eccentricities of
the disc medium to the signal
processing complications.
The CAV discs are organized into
a single spiral of pits, with one
revolution of the disc containing
two video fields (or one video
frame - remember, the display is
interlaced). Because the vertical
intervals are in the same place
throughout the disc, it is relatively
easy for the disc player to identify
the end of a frame, and jump
back to the beginning of a frame,
or locate different points along
the spiral of pits. Further, by
encoding frame and machine
data on some of the spare
horizontal lines, a great deal of
sophisticated application can be
realized. As in laser games.
advantage ·of lots of LSI and VLSI
technology; thus service persons
who could not ordinarily work on
such complex systems can take
advantage of the small physical
size and low parts count of the
disc players, and perform much
useful service work. With LSI and
VLSI, a technician need only
identify a circuit as faulty, then
replace the entire single-chip
circuit.
Although sophisticated, laserdisc
players offer the service
The optical conversion to an RF
video and audio signals, and the
response of the focus and
tracking circuitry, is
accomplished by bouncing three
laser beams off the disc surface.
In most laser players the main
and two first order beams are
VERTICAL
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VERTICAL
MOTOR SPEED
1800RPM • 900
60
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~~
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SCREEN
LEAD-I
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BOTTOM VERTICAL
OF 1V BLANKING
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\
\ VERTIC
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"°"'o '1Flo
STANDARD PLAY DISC
CONS'TANT MOTOR SPEED
VARIABLE VERTICAL·FIELD TRACK LENGITH
EXTENDED PLAY DISC
CONSTANT VERTICAL FIELD TRACK LENGITH
VARIABLE MOTOR SPEED
CAV
CLV
FIBURE 1 - COMPARISON OF CAV (STANDARD PLAY) AND CLV (EXTENDED
PLAY) DISC FORMATS
selected by a set of collating
lenses and a grating lens, which
breaks to single laser beam into a
number of separate beams of
particular qualities. From the
output of the grating lens, a main
and two first order beams are
selected.
Signal reproduction is
accomplished by converting the
reflected main order beam signal
to an RF video signal. The two
first order beams are responsible
for maintenance of the tracking
position on the disc. Each first
order beam returns from the disc
to land on four photo-diodes.
When all four (eigh"t, for both
beams) of the photo-dk>de
electrical outputs are fhe same,
the main order beam is perfectly
on track. By tying the photo-
diode circuit into the mirror and
focus lens feedback circuits, the
process becomes automatic, and
if the laser can focus, and all is
lined up correctly, then the disc
player can track on its own.
To focus on the disc, PR821 O
type disc players wrap the
objective lens with a coil, not
unlike a piezo transducer. The
coil is driven by an op-amp bridge
circuit with feedback from the
photo-diodes. The feedback
allows the lens, and the tracking
mirrors that move the two first
order beams, to compensate for
eccentricities in the disc surface.
If the surface of the disc is within
3mm of being flat, the disc player
can read it. In the PR8210, about
7mm of lens travel is available,
and when focused typically the
lens is up 3mm, leaving 3mm up
and 3mm down as the available
travel range. The main order
beams and the photo-diodes
generate two different tracking
error signals, the radial error,
which is the error referenced to
the radius of the disc, and the
tangential error, the error
referenced to the tangent of the
spiral of pits. See Figure 3.
A custom microprocessor similar
to the Intel 8049 keeps tabs on
this entire sequence, and the
initial power-up focus routine is
software generated. On PR82 1 O
type disc players, the PLAY
command is followed by four
attempts at focus, the objective
lens being energized to rise until
it focuses, and if it does not focus
before it reach es the end of its
travel path, the lens will descend
and try again until all four
attempts have been made. If
focus was successful, the spindle
motor will be activated and the
disc will spin, coming up to speed
within 40 seconds. If focus was
not successful in four attempts,
the disc player will give up and
set itself to the idle state. When
focus is not achieved, the first
suspects are dirt on the objective
lens, the disc, or elsewhere in the
optical path. When the disc
player reaches the age cf 3000·
4000 hours, a focus problem
indicates a need for alignment.
Alignment of PR821 O type disc
players is covered in a separate
article.
Figure 4 shows the overall block
diagr11m of the PR821 O type disc
player: Note the rad ial and
tangential error sections of the
diagram. Note also that the signal
takes many fo rms before final
output to the video monitor; an

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