Star Tech Journal

Issue: 1982-December - Vol 4 Issue 10

14
STAR*TECH JOURNAL/DECEMBER 1982
As "tax time" rapidly approaches, it's time to take stock of just what 1982's effect was on
the Amusement Operator's location(s). The following article may help you siphon through
the "Tax-Tank" so that you can see the bottom line more clearly.
TAX TIPS FOR COIN-OP
AMUSEMENT OPERA TORS
DEPRECIATING EQUIPMENT- NEW OR USED
The names of various electronic
components comprise this issue's word
puzzle. Find and encircle these words
that appear below. They run vertically,
horizontally, diagonally and sometimes
backwards.
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
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Find these hidden words in the above puzzle:
LED
TRANSISTOR
CRYSTAL
DIODE
REGULATOR VARISTOR
SCR
ZENER
RESISTOR
CAPACITOR
Here is the answer key
to November's puzzle:
Integrated Circuit Functions
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By Mark E. Battersby
The 1981 tax reform legislation created a
completely new system for writing off the cost
of equipment used in your coin-op amusement
business. An integral part of that new system
were fast depreciation methods that were
scheduled to become even faster in 1984 and
1985. Unfortunately, the so-called "Tax Equity
and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982" has
repealed those scheduled increases - but
don't cry over lost write-offs just yet.
To demonstrate just how liberal the present
rules for writing off equipment acquisitions
actually are, let's take a look at last year's tax
law and then bring in the limited changes
included in August's tax law.
The Accelerated Cost Recovery System
(ACRS) created in August of 1981, requires
that most depreciable property be written off
over certain specific lives using a specific
depreciation method. This system replaced the
old class life ADR Asset Depreciation Range
system and governs the writeoff of both new
and used equipment.
As most operators are already aware, each
type of property or equipment acquired for use
in your coin-op amusement business is assigned
to a specific "category". Cars and light trucks,
for instance, fall within the 3-year property
category and, accordingly, are assigned a three-
year life for tax purposes. Most other equip-
ment and fixtures are classified as 5-year
property while the 15-year property category is
mainly composed of buildings.
Since, in most cases, these ACRS lives are
appreciably shorter than the old "Guideline"
lives, the property is written off faster, pro-
ducing larger depreciation deductions on the
annual income tax return. Fortunately, however,
the benefits of ACRS don't stop there.
The Internal Revenue Service norm is now
the 150 percent declining-balance method of
depreciation, enabling everyone to write off
their equipment or property over a shorter life,
without regard for salvage value at a rate 150
percent as fast as the straight-line writeoff.
Because our lawmakers felt that the ACRS
writeoffs were sufficiently liberal, the 1981 tax
law closed several loopholes that had formerly
been used to legally increase the depreciation
deduction. For example, in the past many
operators who owned their buildings would
depreciate the cost of the building over the
twenty-five or thirty years demanded by our
tax law - while, at the same time, writing off
some of the building's components over the
shorter life spans for such things as air condi-
tioning systems, doors, electrical wiring,
plumbing, driveways and parking lots, etc.
Last year's tax law "reform" flatly elimi-
nated the depreciation of a building's components.
Now both the building and its components
enjoy a fifteen year life for tax purposes.
Where a coin-op amusement operator
makes what the tax law terms "a substantial
improvement" to a building, it is treated as a
separate building rather than as one or more
components. In other words, the business is
permitted to use the regular ACRS deduction
or, if they wish, they can elect the straight-line
ACRS deduction for the improvement over the
regular recovery period regardless of the ACRS
method that is used for the rest of the building.
Under the rules, an improvement is a
"substantial" improvement if(l) the amounts
added to capital account with respect to the
building over a two-year period are at least 25
percent of the adjusted basis of the building and
(2) the improvement is made at least three
years after the building was placed in service.
Further increasing the tax benefits resulting
from acquiring equipment - but not land or
buildings - was the 10 percent investment tax
credit. For every $10 spent on either used or
new equipment or fixtures, you could reduce
your annual tax bill by $1.
The only ceiling on just how much invest-
ment tax credit could be claimed in any one
year was set by the firm's tax bill for the year
or, if tax liability exceeded $25,000, the tax
credit applied against the first $25,000 of tax
liability plus 90 percent of tax liability exceed-
ing $25,000. Naturally, any unused credit
could be carried back three years and forward
15 years.
Finally, a unique writeoffbecame available
for the first time in 1982 that permits every
amusement game operator to choose an
immediate deduction of up to $5,000 in equip-
ment acquired during the tax year. Naturally, if
a direct writeoff of $5,000 worth of equipment
is decided upon, the same property cannot be
depreciated. Nor can the investment tax credit
be claimed.
Obviously every tax law has its share of
unpleasant provisions of which "recapture" is
one of the unfortunate realities of the 1981 Act.
A gain on the sale or other disposition of
ACRS property is now taxed as ordinary
income property to the extent of ACRS deduc-
tions claimed on the property. Thus, suppose
JohnDoeacquiresanassetonJune l, 1979for
$10,000. For the years 1979-1981 he deducts
a total of$2,500 for depreciation. Ifhe sells the
15
STAR*TECH JOURNAL/DECEMBER 1982
asset for $9,000, he will have ordinary, fully-
taxable income of $1,500 ($9,000 minus
adjusted basis or book value of$7 ,500 ($10,000
cost less $2,500 depreciation]). Ifhe sells it for
$12,000 he will have ordinary income of
$2,500 ( depreciation deducted) and Section
1231 gain of $2,000 that could possibly be
taxed at lower capital gain tax rates.
When it comes to the early disposition of
that investment tax credit property, the tax for
the year of disposal is increased by the amount
of the credit that is recaptured. The actual
amount recaptured is a percentage of the
original credit claimed, depending on how long
the property is held before recapture is required.
For property within the three-year class,
the recapture percentage is 100 percent if
recapture is required within the first full year
after placement in service, 66 percent within
the second full year, 3 3 percent within the third
full year, and zero thereafter. The recapture
percentage for all other classes of recovery
property are: 100 percent within the first full
year after placement in service, 80 percent
within the second full year, 60 percent within
the third full year, 40 percent within the fourth
full year, 20 percent within the fifth full year
and zero thereafter.
That, at least, was how matters stood until
the passage of the Tax Equity Bill of 1982.
While the basics remain unchanged, the
changes under the new law are worth noting.
Probably the most noteworthy feature of
the new tax law is the fact that the law repeals
future accelerated methods of depreciation.
Under the 1981 law, ACRS was scheduled to
rise from the 150 percent declining-balance
method of depreciation ( with a change to
straight-line) to 175 percent declining balance
(with a later change to sum-of-the-years-digits)
for equipment acquired in 1985. A further
increase based on 200 percent declining-balance
depreciation was scheduled to apply after 1985.
Now, the 150 percent declining balance method
remains in effect - at least until the passage of
the next tax law.
Of course not all of the new law's provisions
are concerned with taking away future benefits.
Or more immediate importance, the new rules
will require a basis reduction for tax credits
claimed.
In the past the investment tax credit or any
other tax credit could be claimed and the entire
cost of the asset or equipment remained avail-
able for depreciation purposes. Beginning in
1983, however, the basis or book value of an
asset must be reduced by 50 percent of the
regular investment tax credit, energy credit,
etc. Thus, a $10,000 asset that produces a
$1,000 tax credit becomes a $9,500 asset for
depreciation purposes.
In lieu of reducing an asset's basis, a coin-
op game operator can choose to reduce his or
her regular investment tax credit percentage by
two points. Thus, the reduced credit is 8
percent for recovery property other than three-
year category property and 4 percent for
property in the three-year category.
This option to take a reduced investment
tax credit is intended to deal with situations in
which an operator would not be entitled to
claim all of its regular tax credits because of the
limitation on how much credit would offset tax
liability. In other words, if the credit reduction
election were not available, the operator would
have to reduce the basis of an asset despite the
fact that it might not receive any current tax
benefit from the unused credit.
Also beginning next year, a coin-operated
amusement business may use its investment
tax credit to offset its first $25,000 of taxable
income plus 85 percent of the tax liability
above $25,000. The limit for 1982 permits the
credit to offset the first $25,000 of taxes plus
90 percent of tax liability.
After January 1, 1983, if there is an early
disposition requiring the recapture of invest-
ment tax credit for which there was a downward
basis adjustment, the basis must be increased
by 50 percent of the recapture amount. Since
the upward adjustment in basis or book value is
made immediately before the event resulting in
recapture, there are no changes needed on tax
returns for previous years.
SERVICE BUIJ.E11N
CEmPEDE U.R. TRAC·BAll
PROB: SHOOTER MISTRACKING,
PLAYER HAS POOR CONTROL
SOL: NEW IMPROVED
TRAC BALL ROLLERS
RESEARCH AT
ANSCOT INDUSTRIES
HAS DETERMINED THAT OUR
"NEW-IMPROVED" ROLLERS
OUTLAST THE COMPETITION'S
$22.50
BY 70'/.AND AT
PER SET COST
50'!. lDSl
SEND CH ECK OR MONEY ORDER
TO
ANSCOT INDUffllES
15235 GRAND RIVER
DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48227
313/270-1907
RI
In essence, to the extent that the operator
does not receive a tax benefit from an invest-
ment tax credit because of recapture where
there is an early disposition of property, an
"offset" (upward basis adjustment) is made to
restore to basis the applicable portion of the
initial downward basis adjustment.
When it comes to determining the amount
of gain that is recaptured as ordinary, fully-
taxable income on a sale or disposition of
depreciable property or equipment, the amount
of the investment tax credit downward basis
adjustment is treated as a deduction allowed
for depreciation. Accordingly, the amount of
that basis adjustment is treated as depreciation,
subject to ordinary income recapture.
For those in the coin-op amusements
industry whose tax pictures are so dismal that
unused credit carryovers are foreseeable for
many years to come, there is now a special
deduction for unused tax credits. From now on,
where an investment credit for which a down-
ward basis adjustment was made does not
result in a tax benefit because it remains
unused at the end of the 15-year carryover
period, a deduction is allowed to the firm for 50
percent of the unused credit. The deduction
would equal that portion of the investment
credit downward basis adjustment attributable
to the unused credit. This deduction is taken in
the first tax year after the expiration of the
credit carryover period.
Since 15 years is a long time for a business
to stagger along, Congress also added a provi-
sion stating that if a taxpayer dies or ceases to
exist before the expiration of the credit carry-
over period, the deduction is available in the
year in which death or cessation occurs.
That, at least until the Technical Corrections
Bill of 1982 wends its way through Congress, is
how matters stand with depreciation. Unless,
of course, either a regular or a so-called "safe
harbor" lease is involved. But, then, that's
another story.
ALLOW 2-4 WEEKS
DELIVERY
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VG-1
Color and Black & White
Raster-Scan Monitor Tester
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Complete with operating
instructions; interfacing cables,
and schematics. Also: complete
pin-out information for constructing
your own interface cable for
virtually any raster-scan monitor.
Star*Tech Journal has available
the last nine units of this versatile
video generator. First come, first
served at this low, low price ...
$69.95
Please make checks payable to:
Star*Tech Journal
P.O. Box 1065
Merchantville, NJ 08109
Your test unit will be shipped
immediately upon receipt of payment.

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