Presto

Issue: 1925 2045

Presto Buyers' Guide
Analyzes and Classifies
All American P i a n o s
and in Detail Tells of
Their Makers.
PRESTO
Established 1884. THE AMERICAN MUSIC TRADE WEEKLY
Presto Year Book
The Only Complete
Annual Review of the
American Music In-
dustries and Trades.
to Cent.; $2.00 a Year
CHICAGO, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1925
WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE MUSIC BUSINESS?
A Study of Current Economic, Sociological, and Educational Conditions Reveals the Grave Causes That May
Suggest the Highly Desirable Remedy Sought by Earnest Men in Every Phase of the Music Industry
MUSIC AND EDUCATION CONSIDERED
How Much Music Goods Sales and Dealers' Profits Depend on Music Classes in Public and Private Schools Is a
Fact Plain to Every Dealer Who Studies Cause and Effect in His Business
By W. Otto Miessner
The following address of W. Otto Miessner, presi-
dent of the Miessner Piano Company, Milwaukee,
and a prominent figure in music educational move-
ments of a national scope, was a leading event at the
convention this week of the Illinois Music Merchants'
Association, held in Rockford. Because of his keen
interest in the future of the piano and the causes that
hurtfully influence its sales, as well as his activity in
the promotion of music study in schools, Mr. Miess-
ner's address aroused the interest of the convention
to a degree of warmth which was an earnest of future
action along the line of suggestion laid down by the
speaker.
What is wrong with the music business? Music
merchants and manufacturers may well ask this
question, because the industry is facing a crisis. The
main stay of the business seems to have been slipping
gradually since 1909. Government statistics indicate
an average annual production of approximately one-
third fewer pianos for the five-year period 1919-1924
than for the ten-year period 1909-1919. Even leaders
in the industry are hard pressed to find a profit in
this declining market. Many show recurring annual
deficits.
Now is the time to face the facts. Intelligent study
of current economic, sociological and educational
conditions may reveal the remedy. At least, it will
locate the cause. The industry, has been treating the
symptoms with price potions and quack methods.
The public has become callous to lure and bait ads,
indifferent to superficial buying appeals, wary of dis-
honest business practices. A piano salesman is con-
sidered a brother to the confidence man, the lightning-
rod agent and the gold-brick artist. The desire for
elevating enjoyment, and for music in particular, has
yielded to multiplied desires for material pleasures.
"Here is the seat of the canker that is undermining
the music industry.
Demand Is the Result of Desire.
"But," you object, "there is more music in this
country today than ever before!" There is—of the
push-button kind. Canned music is like canned fruit.
Radio music is more like evaporated fruit; the pris-
tine flavor is lost in the ether. These canned foods
lack the kick of the fresh variety. Sentiment and
association play a large part in enjoyment.
Demand is the result of desire, but the first step is
interest. People must be exposed to music before
they can become interested in it. Music must be
heard to be enjoyed. Public music in parks, theaters,
hotels, churches and schools serves this purpose.
Canned home-music is better than none. Its chief
purpose is to make music lovers. However, a suc-
cessful music industry depends upon a nation of
music makers. The instinct to play lies latent in
every individual. We must arouse it.
People Buy Uses, Not Things.
You may think that the people buy things, but
you are mistaken. You may think that the piano is
furniture, but you are wrong again. People buy use,
comfort, convenience, luxury, beauty, pleasure, thrills
and excitement. They buy food, clothing and shelter
for sustenance and comfort. But the American peo-
ple spend far more for luxury and for beauty than
they spent for mere physical necessities. New
fashions in furniture and furnishings doubled the vol-
ume in these industries from 1914 to 1921.
The production of pianos declined by one third
from 1914 to 1921. The volume doubled in furniture,
in refrigerators, in hardware and tools, in clothing,
in confections and soft drinks, in sporting goods, in
statuary art goods and jewelry, and in tobacco; it
trebled in washing machines, automobiles, in books,
\V. OTTO MIESSNER.
magazines and newspapers. Comparisons with 1909
show even more astounding increases in these lines
and a yet greater decrease in the number of pianos
built, for 1909 was the peak year in production of
pianos. The list of needs and desires has increased a
hundred-fold within the past ten years. New styles,
new fashions, new inventions clamor for public
recognition. Co-operative merchandising, skillful
advertising and intelligent salesmanship attract atten-
tion, fan the flame of desire and create the public de-
mand. The public is ninety per cent eye-minded.
Music depends upon ear-mindedness. That is why
music is losing out.
Service Before Self.
The music merchant has got to stop thinking of
himself, his store and his line and think in terms of
the customer's needs. Not "What will I get out of
this?" but "What can I give," "How can I help to
bring the love of music into every home, to create
the desire for more music in the heart of every man,
woman and child?" Interest in music must come
first. Lasting love for music depends on developing
the taste for good music. These must lead to a de-
sire to make music, without which there can be no
demand for musical instruments, particularly pianos
and other instruments meant for individual playing
or participation.
Users Determine Markets.
How can we make America musical? What is
meant by being "musical?" When is a man musical?
When he finds pleasure in music and has some skill
in making music. Do the spectators watching a
construction project constitute the market for ma-
chine tools and materials? Indirectly so. In this
age of machinery, called the Industrial Revolution,
machinists have had to be trained. In the manual
training departments, every boy has a chance to learn
the uses of tools and machines and to develop the
skill of his hands. In the home economic depart-
ments, every girl may learn the household arts and
the uses of modern home equipment. In the com-
merce departments any student may acquire skill in
modern business methods and the uses of modern
office equipment.
Making Prospects.
A notable example of the effect of stimulating de-
mand for a particular article is found in the textile
industry. There was no demand for bathing suits in
towns remote from oceans, lakes or streams. Manu-
facturers of bathing suits therefore conducted a na-
tional campaign for the establishment of natatoriums
and public bathing pools, particularly in the inland
cities. National advertising pictured the pleasure and
health to be found in swimming and in aquatic sports.
Contests were staged and newspaper publicity cre-
ated. Why should anyone want to swim the English
Channel? Who finances the American bathing beauty
contests? The answer is that it makes wonderful
publicity!
Another striking example is the publicity given to
baseball and football. Why will a college man sub-
mit to the discipline administered to football players?
Why should he take the brutal knocks and the risks
of permanent physical injury? The answer is the
game, the glory and the publicity! The amateur, not
the professional, makes the market!
Suppose that automobile markets depended upon
the spectators at auto races. Suppose that the only
drivers were professional racers or expert chauffeurs
who had acquired their skill at the expense of long
years of training, and suppose there were no "boob"
drivers, how many cars would there be in America?
How big a bank-balance would Henry have? The
amateur, not the professional, makes the market!
How America Became Artistic.
The clothing business doubled from 1914 to 1921,
but the people did not buy so much more cotton,
wool and silk. They did not even buy so much more
warmth or comfort. They bought appearance, beauty
and style. They had to be educated to want these
esthetic values. The beauty shows, theaters, movie
stars and actresses set the example yesterday. To-
day, society follows suit. Tomorrow, Sadie and
Sally sport the imitations.
The call for cosmetics is many times greater than
the market for music. Suppose lipsticks were limited
to the stage. Then, where would the market be? As
it is, every woman, God bless her, is an artist. The
amateur, not the professional, makes the market!
How America Became Literate.
One more illustration will bring the analogies
nearer to music. The volume of printed matter,
books, magazines and newspapers, almost trebled
from 1914 to 1921. It amounted to well over two
billion dollars, possibly three billion, at retail, in 1921.
Now just suppose that this vast market depended
upon only such readers as could afford to learn the
art of reading from private teachers. Where would
the market be? How many people would still be
illiterate? Probably almost as many as are now
unmusical! Education for the masses dates back to
about 1844, or eighty-one years ago, with the estab-
lishment of the public school system. Today, ele-
mentary education is compulsory. In 1910 the per-
ccnta.ge of illiterates in the United States was 7.7%,
in 1920 it was only 6%. The amateur, not the pro-
fessional, makes the market.
Make America Musical.
Before we can answer the question of how to
"Make America Musical," we must first find out what
Enhanced content © 2008-2009 and presented by MBSI - The Musical Box Society International (www.mbsi.org) and the International Arcade Museum (www.arcade-museum.com).
All Rights Reserved. Digitized from the archives of the MBSI with support from NAMM - The International Music Products Association (www.namm.org).
Additional enhancement, optimization, and distribution by the International Arcade Museum. An extensive collection of Presto can be found online at http://www.arcade-museum.com/library/
PRESTO
is wrong or lacking in American music. The prob-
lem is threefold. It is a sociological problem. It is
an economic problem. It is an educational problem.
The solution to these problems is the salvation of
music in America and of American music industries.
T H E SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEM.
This is the age of industrial revolution. It is also
an age of social revolution. It is an age of machine-
made, rather than hand-made products.
New
fashions, new styles, new and wonderful inventions
crowd upon the heels of their predecessors. Human
wants and needs have multiplied a hundred times
within a decade. The increase in earning power has
not kept pace with the buying will. Every individual
faces a daily battle of conflicting desires.
The Liabilities of Leisure.
The man at the machine lacks the thrill of creative
workmanship. He looks for it elsewhere. Sometimes
he gets the desired "kick" from destructive activi-
ties. Shorter working hours have made longer lei-
sure hours. We have learned to earn, but not to
live. Loafing leisure is charged with explosive emo-
tions more dangerous than dynamite.
The Restless Age.
It is well called "The restless age." Modern trans-
portation facilities, steamships, the railroads, automo-
biles and aircraft have made the world our parking
place. Theaters, movies and public amusement pal-
aces lure the people from their homes. The postal
service, the newspapers, the telegraph and telephone,
the playerpiano, the phonograph and radio have
brought the world into the farmer's front parlor.
One set of forces is centrifugal; they take us away
from home. Fortunately, the latter forces are centri-
petal; they tend to keep us at home. But the out-
doors is bigger than all the indoors. "The call of
the wild" is irresistible. These marvelous inventions
have keyed humanity to a higher pitch of vibration
to which it is not yet harmonized. The world is
awhirl on wheels.
Modern. Home Life.
Since we spend so little time indoors, our homes
have lost their once treasured associations. To sat-
isfy all these material wants, the young wife con-
tinues to work. To own an automobile seems more
.important than to own a home. The young couple
live in an eight-by-four flat. They only sleep in it
anyway. After the day's work, they eat at Child's,
hop in the car and strike out for the open. Where is
the American home? It's in a Ford!
There is little room for pianos in most modern
apartments. It is even rumored that architects and
apartment owners are discouraging the use of pianos.
If that is true, it is a poor policy, because music
focuses family life. The decadence of American
homelife means the downfall of democracy, and ruin
to the race.
Still another sociological problem that affects the
American home is the servant question. Even people
of wealth are giving up their pretentious residences
and are moving into smaller quarters in apartments.
Tse answer to this problem is difficult. The woman
in business has replaced the maid in the kitchen. The
standard eight-hour working day may have to be
adopted for household work if household servants are
not soon to be included among extinct races!
T H E ECONOMIC PROBLEM.
These tremendous social changes have occurred
almost within the past generation. They have not yet
been met by corresponding economic adjustments.
Increases in income have not kept pace with increases
in outgo. Relatively, the American dollar today buys
only about sixty cents worth of commodities as com-
pared with 1914. Incidentally, herein lies one answer
to the increased dollar volume in many industries in
1921 as compared with 1914.
The piano business was JIO exception to this eco-
nomic condition as reflected in dollar volume, which,
it is true, was somewhat greater for a two-thirds pro-
duction. The point is that the output should have
increased proportionately with the increase in popula-
tion. In that case the production of pianos should
have been ten per cent greater in 1921 than in 1914,
or 360,000 in pianos produced instead of 221,000.
Correspondingly, the wholesale dollar volume, at the
same average prices, should have been around $108,-
000,000 instead of only $66,000,000. But if we take
1909, the peak production year, as a basis, the legiti-
mate production in 1921 should have been sixteen
per cent greater, or 423,872 pianos with a corre-
sponding wholesale dollar volume of around $127,-
000,000 or nearly double what it actually was.
Incomes and Expenditures.
Federal income tax reports show that in 1920, sev-
enty-three per cent of American families had annual
incomes under $3,000 and that more than half of these
were below $2,000. If we take an average income of
$2,400 and budget the family expenses, balancing i1
with modern diversified wants, it is easy to see why
music is not in the budget of sixty per cent of Ameri-
can homes. It is not a saturated market. The Amer-
ican people simply want other things more than they
want music. And they buy what they want most.
If we take the deflated American dollar of 1921 as
one factor, and the growth of population as another
factor, we can see the cause of the increased business
in most of these industries. What then is wrong
with the American music industries? The people
have not been educated to enjoy music to the same
extent that they have come to enjoy the uses of these
other products.
T H E EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM.
The tendency of the day is toward materialism. The
desires of the body far surpass those of the intellect
and the spirit. The American people want to be
entertained, not educated. The ability to enjoy and
to appreciate good music is not acquired over night.
"Art is long," is a truth that runs counter to present
high-speed standards of living. People hesitate to
buy pianos or other musical instruments when they
reflect upon the time, effort and cost required to learn
to play them. Other articles offer instant returns in
comfort, convenience, luxury, pleasure, entertainment
or beauty. Home-made music is postponed pleasure.
It is easier to pull the switch, push the button or
turn the dial.
This makes the problem of music education more
difficult but not necessarily insoluble. The possibili-
ties in music for correcting many of our present day
social evils, surely makes the effort worth while.
"Leisure Time Is Crime Time."
The appalling crime wave is the great social prob-
lem of the day. Richard Washburn Child, in his
current articles on "The Great American Scandal,"
attributes the prevailing preponderance of crime to
the breaking down of the American home. The most
alarming factor in this situation is that the majority
of new criminals are yet in their teens. What is the
cause? Where is the answer?
The cause lies in ignorance and in the misuse of
leisure. Ignorance of the real, lasting values of life
is the fundamental cause. Misdirected energy is the
result. Leisure, ill-used, in a liability to the individ-
ual and to the community. Leisure time is crime-
time. The answer is the training of our youth to the
worthy use of leisure hours as well as to the efficient
employment of working hours. The emphasis upon
physical efficiency has been gained at the cost of
spiritual survival. Modern education has failed to
develop the finer emotions and feelings, along with
manual skill and intellectual accomplishments.
"A Cure for Crime."
If the American school has failed to teach, along
with its three R's, the essentials of right living, com-
mon decency and morals, then it has failed utterly.
If it fails to develop the emotional life of pupils and
to provide safe and sane outlets or media for emo-
tional expression, then it fails to perform its highest
mission. All other training is of little value if the
children have not learned how to live happily and
wisely. The schools have failed signally to promote
those activities that develop the finer feelings and
emotions and to provide suitable media through
which children might express themselves in their
leisure hours. Music is probably the finest medium
for the expression of the emotions that appeals uni-
versally. Rightly taught, music simultaneously de-
velops the finer emotions and provides the means for
expressing them. Unfortunately, in many schools,
this true mission of music has been held secondary
while the sterner mechanistic phases of the art have
usurped its nobler functions. Under such conditions
children have grown to dislike music, or rather that
which passed for music, in the guise of dull exercise.
Such malpractice of the art could not be expected to
yield good fruit.
School Music.
School music has too long confined itself to a pro-
cedure that has had power, rather than pleasure, for
its aim. Skill must become the by-product of inter-
est, love and appreciation, rather than the end in
itself. _ School music must give the children some-
thing joyful to express and then make it possible for
them to express it in their leisure time, outside of
school, at home and in their own social environment.
The only answer that public school music can give
to this crying need of the hour is class instrumental
instruction.
Points the Way.
Few children are ever observed to sing their do re
mi's or even their songs outside of the general music
class. But, give the boys and girls musical instru-
ments and teach them how to play them and you will
find music in the homes and lives of these children.
Neighborhood and Sunday school orchestras will be
born. School orchestras will put a new spirit in the
life of the school. The child will find a new medium
for the expression of his emotional life. He will
discover something new and interesting to occupy his
leisure time. He will stay at home or play in en-
semble groups with other children in his neighbor-
hood. He will find less time for idle hands. The
child that makes music is not the child that is making
mischief. The girl that picks out the tunes is not
the girl that picks your pocket. The boy that draws
the bow is not the boy that draws the gun.
We think we have accomplished something when
we boast of our ten big symphonic orchestras, our
excellent Grand Opera companies and our records
of concert attendance. Splendid as these movements
are, they reach only a small fraction of the people,
probably less than one per cent. How can we reach
all of the people, or, at least, all of the children, with
music? The answer is, "In the American Public
Schools!"
MAKE IT MUSICAL T H R O U G H EDUCATION.
You may think that music is now taught in the
public schools. It is taught in some schools in a
comprehensive way, including instruction in instru-
mental classes where children are taught to
play any standard musical instrument at a cost of
only ten cents per lesson. In a few cities this in-
struction is as free as instruction in reading and
writing. And, why not?
But in most schools where music is taught, it con-
sists chiefly of song-singing and of sight-reading,
which is well enough as far as it goes, but it doesn't
go far. The child leaves it in the schoolroom. He
(Continued on Page 16.)
October 3, 1925.
M. SCHULZ CO.'S LINE
BUILDS DEALERS'TRADE
Orders Far Above Ordinary Fall Business as
' Demand for Grand Models Increase by
'
Wide Margin.
' The report of the M. Schulz Co., 711 Milwaukee
?venue, Chicago, at the close of September, discloses
the fact that the active Chicago firm will experience
one of the best fall seasons in the history of its busi-
ness. The report is indicative of increased efforts of
M. Schulz dealers and a greater demand for the M.
Schulz line by the music loving public.
The various M. Schulz styles are being ordered
freely by dealers everywhere and have necessitated a
production schedule of capacity limit at the M. Schulz
Co.'s factory. Although the call for M. Schulz
instruments is insistent, there is no rush in construc-
tion. Each instrument receives the same careful
attention that has won presfige for the Schulz pianos
in the trade. The personnel of the M. Schulz Co.
is a perfected organization and through knowledge,
diligence and application has adhered to the fine poli-
cies of the company, which was founded in 1869.
As the fall season is at hand, the many M. Schulz
models are being pushed with equal vigor and they
have attained a high place in the trade from the
standpoint of sales. Authentic Period Art pianos
have been accorded their share of sales and beautiful
models have been announced to the trade. They
range from the Bardini Grand, with the Aria Divina
reproducing action, Italian Renaissance Art Model to
the small upright Style 15, Louis XVI Model only
four feet high. The former is a veritable treasure
chest of the world's music and the latter is an attrac-
tive model with a large volume of tone and designed
for use where space-saving is of vital importance.
WHAT THE DAILIES ARE
NOT DOING FOR MUSIC
Mr. French Is Right in Criticising Incomplete
Statement of Presto Editorial Item Which
Left Wrong Impression.
Thirty years ago the daily newspapers were invading
the sheet music trade, printing "popular songs" and
otherwise threatening to annoy the music publishers.
Nothing of that kind today. Kven the big popular maga-
zines no longer boast of their music departments.—
Presto, Sept. 28.
New Castle, Ind., September 28 ( 1925.
Editor Presto: I just noticed the enclosed clipping
from "Presto" editorial column and would like to sug-
gest that in my opinion it would be quite a good
thing for the piano industry if we could get the high-
class magazines to resume their music department
and carry one or two musical numbers in each issue.
I feel sure it would stimulate the interest in music
which is one thing the piano industry sadly needs.
Yours truly,
JESSE F R E N C H & SONS PIANO CO.
H. Edgar French, V.-P. and Gen. Mgr.
Of course Mr. French is right. The editorial
paragraph should have gone far enough to cover the
point he makes. Whatever helps to encourage music-
love and to stimulate the use of music must serve a
good purpose. Without sheet music there would be
much smaller demand for pianos.
The custom of the magazines printing music and
running regular music departments was not only good
for the public, but must have created special popu-
larity for the magazines. If more of them would re-
turn to the custom it would be well for the publishers
and welcomed by the subscribers.
The present drive of manufacturers and other lead-
ers in educational affairs is doing a great deal in the
right direction. That is what the Music Week is for,
and the address by Mr. Miessner in this issue of
Presto is along the same line. Keep alive the inter-
est of youth in good music and the effect upon the
piano trade will be made clear enough. Mr. French
is right, and his note is appreciated.
IMPROVES MISSOURI STORE.
The Chillicothe Music Co., Chillicothe, Mo., is
carrying out important alterations in the interior of
its store. The demonstration and the booths which
occupy space along the south wall are being removed
to the rear of the store in order to give more floor
space in the front of the room for pianos and phono-
graphs.
FIRE DAMAGES STORE.
Some of the stock at the headquarters of the Co-
lumbia Wholesalers, Inc., 205 West Camden street,
Baltimore, Md., was damaged by smoke and water
recently when fire badly damaged the adjoining build-
ing, occupied by a paper box manufacturing con-
cern. No fire reached the Columbia stock, however.
Enhanced content © 2008-2009 and presented by MBSI - The Musical Box Society International (www.mbsi.org) and the International Arcade Museum (www.arcade-museum.com).
All Rights Reserved. Digitized from the archives of the MBSI with support from NAMM - The International Music Products Association (www.namm.org).
Additional enhancement, optimization, and distribution by the International Arcade Museum. An extensive collection of Presto can be found online at http://www.arcade-museum.com/library/

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