Play Meter

Issue: 1976 April - Vol 2 Num 4

SIX GAMES in one, a new Atari
concept, is shown at one of its
Multi-game
prototype
seen at Ima
Atari Europe exhibited a proto-
type of a new shopping mall
multi-game unit at the mid-March
Ima trade show in Berlin, a concept
that has been talked about by U.S .
Atrai officials before, buy which has
yet to be seen in America .
The Atari Theater, a versatile unit
incorporating several video games
that can be built into many different
kinds of sites, was displayed by
Lowen Automaten, Atari's German
distributors. The company showed
a three-side version containing three
games , though the product is
available in any combination of
sides .
PlAt' ItIEJER
European test locations, the Ve/izy
shopping mall in Paris.
" The most popular version is the
six -sided model for shopping
malls," Jean Francois Gaillard,
Atari's overseas manager, com -
mented . He said prototypes are
currently operating successfully in
the transit lounge at Orly Airport,
Paris, and in a Parisian shopping
mall, where it was decorated with
the center's logo.
" We can tailor-make it for the
individual site," he said. "It repre-
sents a small business by itself,
althdtJgh it needs no one on hand to
run it. We have found from site
testing that people tend to leave
their children there with some
money to play the games while they
go around the shops. It also acts as
a meeting place and people play the
games while they are waiting for
one another."
The idea was developed in Atari
Europe's French factory, Gaillard
said, and a sample had already been
shipped to the U.S. He hoped it
would be made for the U. S. market
as well.
Other American companies repre-
sented at the primarily gambling-
oriented show were U.S. Billiards,
Seeburg, W illiams, A llied, Segasa,
Kee, Rock - a la, Ro w e- AM I and
Mirco.
Ima is considered themost impor-
tant European coin machine exhibi-
tion outside of London's A muse-
ment Trades Exhibition and both
shows reflect the fact that Great
Britain and Germany are the only
two countries in Europe with hard-
and - fast laws favoring machine
gambling.
This year's Ima, held in the
enormous Messedamm exhibition
center in Berlin, contained about 50
booths covering every type of
equipment used in W est Germany,
but it was felt by some that the
show would have attracted more
visitors if it had been held in W est
Germany proper instead of Com-
munist-surrounded West Berlin.
Recent changes in German gam-
bling laws may also have affected
the gaming machine orientation of
the 1976 Ima . The changes permit
three gambling machines in an
arcade instead of two and increased
the maximum game price from 20 to
30 pfennig and the maximum cash
awards in each game from two to
three marks. Another legal break-
through was the allowance of
gaming machines in snack bars.
But the German love for sophisti-
cated machinery was also well -
catered to . Aside from the intriguing
new Atari unit, there was also
Mirco's solid -state, microprocessor-
controlled Spirit of '76 flipper pin-
game, exhibited by Mirco Games
GmBH, the firm's German subsidi-
ary .
" It is very interesting to watch the
reaction of the German operators to
electronic pinball," Klaus Strauss,
general manager of the German
firm, commented. "They are quick
to recognize that it gives the player
all the traditional features he likes,
such as flippers and bumpers, yet
the game gives the operator the
benefits of computerized efficiency.
"The switch to electronic games
is not going to be an overnight
thing, " he went on. "The process
will take years, but Mirco has a big
breakthrough with this pinball ma-
chine, for people are taking to it very
quickly. "
45
The diode is one of the simplest
devices of the solid-state world and
one of the most important.
It
changes AC (alternating current)
into DC (direct current) ; it allows
signals to go in one direction only; it
clamps voltages ; it suppresses.
noise; etc . The list is long, which
only attests to its usefulness.
Because of its many uses, ser-
vicemen often become confused
about how this device works, which
often leads to replacement of parts
that do not need replacing . Not
only valuable time and parts are
wasted , but the diode becomes
more of a mystery. The serviceman
is a little less sure about diodes and
their various uses.
One of the best teachers I ever
knew had a saying , '" Learn the
basics ." Once you know the basic
operation of a diode , its uses
become obvious and circuit analysis
becomes easier and less time is
needed to find faults . A diode is
simply a device which allows elec-
tricity to flow in one direction
only--an important point .
Because current flows in one
direction , the majority of diodes can
be checked satisfactorily with an
ordinary ohmmeter. When prepar-
ing to check a diode, first determine
which end is the cathode . The
cathode is almost always marked
one way or another .
When using an ohmmeter to test
a diode, make certain you are
absolutely sure of the polarity of the
ohmmeter leads . It is a good idea to
measure the ohmmeter leads with a
voltmeter to determine polarity .
Then mark the polarity of the
ohmmeter leads directly on the
leads or the ohmmeter case with a
felt marking pen . Th is is especially
helpful when using more than one
ohmmeter, since ohmmeter leads
can be either polarity .
Connect the negative ohmmeter
lead to Ithe cathode and the positive
lead to the anode . Thb hookup
forward biases the diode and the
ohmmeter reading should be low for
a good diode.
Connecting the
positive ohmmeter lead to the
cathode and the negative lead to the
anode, reverse biases the diode,
giving a high resistance reading .
It's important to check the resis-
tance in the forward direction on the
46
By PERRY MILLER
Rx1 scale of the ohmmeter . Other
scales will sometimes give erron -
eous readings because the ohm -
meter is not forward biasing the
diode enough to cause full conduc-
tion . Inversely, when checking the
reverse direction , use a high
enough resistance scale to deter-
mine the reverse resistance . The
ratio between reverse and forward
resistance should be at least 10 to 1.
Most diodes will have more than 100
to 1 back-to-front ratio. A typical
silicone diode will measure about 20
ohms forward resistance and over
100,000 ohms back resistance .
Diodes can be measured while still
in the circuit, but because of parallel
circuit resistance , the diode will read
differently then when the diode is
out of the circuit . Even so, the
diode will show a forward -to-back
resistance greater than the reverse
resistance . If tghere is any doubt in
your mind about the reading, lift one
end of the diode from the circuit and
measure the diode again .
" POWER SUPPL Y DIODES ARE
BURNING UP .. . and the two diodes·
near the connector burned up. On
one board they burned a hole
through the board . I replaced the
diodes with the ones sent from the
factory , but they lasted only a
week . "
This is a common problem with
the earlier Paddle Ball models . The
power supply diodes are under-
rated.
Replace the diodes with
silicon rectifiers rated at 50 PIV / 3
amps (Radio Shack #276 - 1141) .
You will have to drill out the holes
with a 1-16" drill because the diode
leads are a large diameter. Because
the drill will drill out the " feed -thru "
hole, make sure you solder the
diode leads on both sides of the
printed circuit board.
ATARl's TANK-- Power Supply
Diodes are Burning up. This is the
same problem that occurred on the
earlier Williams' Paddle Ball 2-Player
Tennis. The power supply diodes
should be replaced with silicon
rectifiers rated at 50 PIV / 3 amps
(Radio Shack #276-1141) . You will
have to drill out the holes with a
1-16" drill because the diode leads
are a larger diameter . Because the
drill will drill out the plated thru -hole
make sure you solder the diode
leads on both sides of the printed
circuit board .
CLEANING PLEXIGLASS. Most
manufacturers recommend a mild
detergent and a soft cloth for
cleaning plexiglass.
One of the
best " mild detergents" for the job is
Shaklee' s Basic-H . Basic-H will not
only clean the plexiglass, but also
clear up those minor scratches . Use
a quart container and mix YJ
Basic-H with % water and you ' re all
set to clean those dirty plexiglass
face plates .
INCREASE
INCANDESCENT
LAMP LIFE. Are you constantly
faced with annoying service calls to
replace burned -out bulbs?
Then
replace the bulbs with a higher
voltage rated bulb, i.e., #47 replace
with #1488 .
The bulb will be
dimmer, but you will increase the
life of the bulb by a factor of 25 .
Another solution to this problem
is to place a diode in series with the
lamp . Disconnect the lead from the
lamp socket and solder a 30 PIV / 1
ampere diode to the socket. Solder
the disconnected wire to the free
end of the diode . If the lamp will not
light, reverse the diode . Use tap or
shrinkable tubing to dress up the
solder connection between the wire
and the diode .
SHRINKABLE TUBING. Shrink-
able tubing is an insulated sleeving
which shrinks when heat is applied
and has replaced electrical tape in
just about every application . It is
used when exposed wire connec-
tions need to be insulated , such as
insulating solder connections on a
connector.
Before soldering the
w ire slide a piece of shrinkable
tubing over the wire , solder the wire
to the connector and then slide the
shrinkable tubing over the solder
connection . You can shrink the
tubing by using a lighted match .
Just place the match flame below
the shrinkable tubing and watch it
shrink .
A shrinkable tubing comes in
many different sizes and colors and
can be purchased at most electronic
stores.
Make sure the heat-shrinkable
tubing will shrink to half its original
size . Radio Shack has a package of
heat-shrinkable tubing with assorted
colors and sizes (#278-1627). Get a
package for your tool box . You will
find many uses for this material.

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