Music Trade Review

Issue: 1926 Vol. 83 N. 25

Music Trade Review -- © mbsi.org, arcade-museum.com -- digitized with support from namm.org
TECHNICAL^SUPPLY DEPARTMENT
William BrsAdWhiteJeeAnfail Editor
Growing Scarcity of Lumber a Fact and
Not Based on the Claims of Alarmists
Grades of Lumber Required by the Piano Industry Steadily Increasing in Price With Growing
Difficulty in Securing Quality That Is Necessary—The Question of Substitutes—Need
for Action to Be Taken Despite the Stand of the Lumber Industry at Present
IANO men, whoever they may be, have an
interest, and a vital interest too, in what-
ever pertains to the supply of raw materials
for their industry. It has long been known
that this question has been going from bad to
worse, especially in regard to all kinds of wood
used in piano and player construction. I think
it not wrong to say that every piano manufac-
turer and every piano factory superintendent is
painfully aware of the facts. The curve of
price has gone steadily upward, while that of
quality and quantity has turned downward more
gradually. It is a well-known fact that sound
board spruce is being imported by a piano
manufacturer whose reputation is world-wide,
while the general opinion among tuners appears
to be that the maple now going into wrest
planks does not have the qualities which once
were universally conceded to the best product of
this complex piece of plywood construction.
I am well aware that every attempt to open
any inquiry into the facts of lumber supply has
in some quarters been translated into an ex-
pression of hostility to lumber. It has been said
that those who believe as I do are agitators for
the industries which make substitutes for wood
like steel, concrete, or synthetic products. But
it should hardly be necessary for me to say that
my interest is merely that of the piano indus-
try, of that industry which from its beginning
has been the constant patron of the lumber
manufacturers and unfailing in its demand for
the best in maples, spruces, pines and all the
fancy hardwoods. As a sort of mouthpiece for
this industry I am concerned at the fact that its
supply of suitable wood is apparently threat-
ened and that the cost of all kinds of wood use-
ful for the purposes of piano construction is
steadily rising, while the figures of cut show, in
some of the most conspicuous cases, serious
declines.
What the Forest Service Thinks
At the meeting of the Wood Industries Divi-
sion of the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers held the other day in Chicago, a film
was shown which had been loaned for the oc-
casion by the Forestry Service of the United
States, which is itself a branch of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture. This film, entitled "A
Forest Axiom," is devoted to showing the ap-
palling consequences of too rapid cutting meth-
ods when combined with preventable waste by
users in factories and shops. If the figures
shown on the film are to be trusted, then the
Department of Agriculture believes that within
ten years one-third of the present stand of mer-
chantable timber remaining in the country will
have been exhausted, supposing that only the
present rate of cutting out continues without in-
crease. At anything like this rate, of course, the
end of our lumber supplies is already in sight.
I know that it has been said that similar
prophecies have been made in the past and have
P
Punchings
Washers
Bridle Straps
581437th Ave.
been falsified. On the other hand, it is only
necessary to travel over the country to know
that those Eastern and Middle Western States
which once were covered with virgin timber
are now no longer regarded as furnishing tim-
ber tracts. Soft and hard woods alike are now
mainly drawn from Southern and Pacific Coast
Northwestern tracts, and it is with these and
the date of their probable exhaustion that we
must deal. To say this, let me observe, is not
to merit the accusation of attacking the lumber
interests. We of the piano industry are buyers
of lumber. Even if it could be shown that there
are trees enough by actual count to last fifty
years at present rates of cutting, the question
would still remain, "how much of this is mer-
chantable, and especially how much of it rep-
resents wood that we can use?"
Our Special Needs
The needs of the piano industry are large
and peculiar. In mere bulk the building trades
use much more, of course, and so does the fur-
niture industry, but it is a question of species.
Thus, we must have spruce of certain definite
physical qualities for our sound boards, failing
the discovery of a better material which is not
now in sight. We need straight-grained white
pine for our piano keys, or else something
equally good, that is to say, something with
equivalent physical qualities. We need the best
of what is still called "rock maple" for the ply-
wood construction of our wrest planks and for
some of our grand rim work. And so on. If
we have trouble with the present supply of the
accepted species mentioned, then evidently we
are in for difficulties, whether the timber stand
of the country, taken as a whole, is likely to
last twenty-five, fifty or a hundred years.
Now my point is simply that we, as piano
men, are vitally interested in this question of
supply. If we could make satisfactory sound
boards of steel, doubtless we should do so, and
very likely save ourselves a lot of trouble into
the bargain. Until we can find non-wooden
substitutes, however, we must continue with
wood and it is hardly fair to suggest, as has
been stated^ that our interest is dictated either
by ignorance or by an evil desire to hurt the
lumberman. We must first look after our-
THIS EXPENSE
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The M. L. Campbell Co.
1OO8 W. 8th St.
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George W. Braunsdorfi, Inc.
Direct Manufacturers of
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35
selves, and to us the situation does not appear
very reassuring. We find that the prices of
every kind of lumber are steadily rising, and
that we are paying to-day from four to ten
times the prices we paid fifty years ago for
corresponding species. We are assured by
authorities, who certainly are not to be • dis-
missed as mere ignorant busybodies, that a sit-
uation of great gravity is impending, when our
supplies of the sort of timber we need in our
business will have become almost hopelessly
scarce and high-priced. And we wonder what
(Continued on page 36)
Remember Us
Our large stock U Yery leldom
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large or small, will receire imme-
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Felts— Cloths— Hammers —
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W« have in stock a full line of
Materials lor Pianos and Organs.
The American Piano Supply Co.,
William Braid White
Associate, American Society of Mechanical
Engineers; Chairman, Wood Industries
Division, A. S. M. E.; Member, American
Physical Society; Member, National Piano
Technicians' Association.
Consulting Engineer to
the Piano Industry
Tonally and Mechanically Correct Scales
Tonal and Technical Surveys of Product
Tonal Betterment Work, in Factories
References
to manufacturers of unquestioned
position In industry
For particulars,
address
209 South State Street, CHICAGO
Piano Technicians School
Courses in Piano Tuning, Regulating and Repairing.
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Music Trade Review -- © mbsi.org, arcade-museum.com -- digitized with support from namm.org
The Music Trade Review
36
DECEMBER 18, 1926
The Technical and Supply Department—(Continued from page 35)
all this is going to mean for the future of the
piano trade.
Quality, Price and Output
Tt is, of course, perfectly obvious that if the
prices of the wood we need for making pianos
continue to increase, we shall be obliged con-
tinuously to ask more for our pianos. I am not
one of those who have cried that piano prices
are too high and that if they were, say, 25
per cent lower all round a great many more
pianos would be bought. On the contrary, I am
perfectly sure that price has far less to do with
the question of output than has salesmanship.
There is plenty of purchasing power in the
country to care for all the pianos that the
present industry could put out even if it worked
overtime two hours a day for three hundred
days per year. The trouble is with our mer-
chandising methods, or, rather, this has been
the main trouble up till now. From now on-
ward, however, it is quite certain that the ques-
tion of cost of construction, supposing that the
present rate of increase in prices of raw mate-
rials is maintained, will become more and more
important.
Nor is this all. There is also the question of
quality. Even if we suppose that the lumber
manufacturers are right in telling us that the
alarm sounded in various quarters, as by the
United States Forestry Service, over the coming
exhaustion of our national timber stand is con-
siderably exaggefated, we must allow that
there is still plenty to cause us concern. For
when a supply begins to taper off as to quan-
tity, it is likely to taper off more rapidly as to
quality. The first will proceed in arithmetical,
but the second in geometrical, proportion.
In other words, it is certain that if the present
rate of cutting be maintained, the quality of the
timber cut five years from now will be distinctly
lower than the quality now prevailing. And
precisely that is what we of the piano indus-
try can least afford to have come to us. Then,
without a doubt, though assuredly not until
then, we shall have seriously to consider the
question of substitutes. Nor will this be our
fault.
On the other hand, if and when that fateful
day comes (and we cannot conceal from our-
selves our own apprehension of its steady ap-
proach), we shall not feel parlicularly inclined
to listen patiently to those who tell us that we
are insidious propagandists, working for the
benefit of industries hostile to the industry of
lumber manufacture.
Substitutes?
For, after all, we are in pretty bad shape when
it comes to making practical use of substitutes
for our woods. The Wurlitzer house has de-
veloped recently a practical construction whicli
does away with the wooden wrest plank, and if
other manufacturers work along parallel lines,
they too will doubtless be able to accomplish
similar improvements. So far as I have been
able to see, the Wurlitzer Uni-plate construction
is practical and permanent. If it, or some modi-
fication of it, were generally adopted by the
trade, through some arrangement with the pres-
ent owners of the patents, then, of course, one
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problem would be out of the way, for we could
use something in place of maple for almost any-
thing on the piano save the wrest plank. But
even so, we are only dealing with a very
dubious proposition, since there is, at present,
no active general trade interest in this question
of substitutes for the wooden wrest plank.
Again consider the case of spruce for sound-
boards. Good spruce is the only wood so far
found which gives the piano manufacturer the
required combination of resonating and support-
ing qualities which he needs for the office of
transmitting the vibrations of the strings to
large bodies of circumambient air. All sorts of
other woods have been tried, but no other
species has given the required result. Steel has
been tried, so has aluminum, even parchment
stretched like the head of a drum. Each has
been found to possess certain definite qualities,
to a greater or lesser extent useful and valu-
able; but no one has survived. When we con-
sider the real technical difficulties surrounding
tlie preparation of soundboards, their bridging,
ribbing, crowning and fitting, it is surely evi-
dent that piano manufacturers would long since
have taken to a more convenient substitute, if
such an article had ever been discovered.
Now supposing that the supply of suitable
spruce (and that does not mean every kind of
the species) were becoming low and that no
hopes could be held out of any considerable
addition of trees "of adequate sizes for at least
twenty years to come. What then should we of
the piano trade be obliged to do? Plainly we
should be obliged to go abroad to the forests
of Germany, of Russia and of Roumania, and
pay the price demanded by the owners of the
timber we needed, plus the duty imposed for
the benefit of an industry at home no longer
able to supply us. The thought is not pleasant,
yet one finds it hard to see what will be the
alternative within a few years, unless indeed
there exist in the United States new and
secret supplies of which so far we have heard
nothing.
Already soundboard spruce is actually being
imported, nor need it be supposed that any
house would do anything like this save
through sheer necessity. And what is true to-
day of soundboard spruce will to-morrow be
true of maple or of pine.
For this reason, then, the whole piano indus-
try is likely to feel, I think, grateful to the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers for
sponsoring a research into the question of pos-
sible substitutes for the native woods, espe-
cially the hardwoods, which are now causing
anxiety to large users, including the furniture
and piano industries. It is quite probable that
in course of time the requirements of the re-
search will be sufficiently arduous to impel an
appeal to the industries likely to be benefited by
it. Some words as to its scope and aims arc
therefore in order.
At the Chicago meeting of the A. S. M. E.
mentioned above, the task of thus explaining
the facts was undertaken by Major George P.
Ahern (U. S. Army, retired), of the Tropical
Plant Research Foundation, Washington, D. C,
and late Chief Forester of the Philippines, who
is in charge of the preliminary investigations.
As he informed that meeting, the research is
intended to obtain facts relating to some defi-
nite tract of timber-bearing land in Central or
South America or in the Philippine Islands, a
tract sufficiently large to contain an adequate
number of trees of every species. It is pro-
posed to choose such a tract, of, say, half a mil-
lion acres, and to carry out in it a complete sur-
vey of all the timber it contains, classifying the
latter by species and then analyzing these in
respect of their physical properties. After the
physical analysis, it is proposed to investigate
the economic side of the situation, to discover
to what extent it would be possible for Ameri-
can lumbermen to go into the tract. Take out
the trees and deliver the logs at American ports,
at prices within the reach of the industries
which could make use of them.
In other words, the aim of the research is to
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Piano and Player Hardware t Felts and Tools
New York Since 1848
4th Ave. at 13 th St.

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