Music Trade Review

Issue: 1926 Vol. 83 N. 23

Music Trade Review -- © mbsi.org, arcade-museum.com -- digitized with support from namm.org
TECHNICAL^SUPPIY DEPARTMENT
William Br aidWhitefec/imcal Editor
The Necessity for Absolute Accuracy
and Correct Scale Design in the Piano
Replies to Two Questions Which Are Often Asked in the Piano Industry and Which Have
Good Basis for Being Asked—The Possibility of Accuracy in the Use of the
Decimal Scale and Its Value to the Scale Draftsman and Piano Builder
T
WO questions are often asked by prac-
tical men who have listened to talk about
scientific method in scale drafting. One
is, in effect: "Why calculate string lengths to
less than one-tenth of an inch, when the best
efforts of the bellyman are almost certain to
introduce a larger error?" The second one is:
"Why place so much stress upon a correct scale
design when the best pianos on the market
have been developed more by patient experi-
mentation on soundboards, hammers, action
work and tone regulating, than upon anything
else?" or words to that effect.
These are not idle questions. They are often
asked by men who have no wish at all to throw
cold water upon any man's honest attempts at
accuracy. Those who ask these questions are
looking solely for information. They realize
that the argument for scientific method is very
powerful, for they are aware that the piano in-
dustry has been technically in a static condition
for many years, whilst other industries not
otherwise any more advantageously situated
have gone steadily forward along the road of
improvement. Yet these men also find that
their experience sometimes contradicts the
claims of the proponents of scientific method.
They have experimented with many scales and
always have found that they have to do an im-
mense amount of work on them before they can
make from them instruments satisfactory to the
ear. Thus they feel that they have a good right
to demand of the scientific man that he prove
what he alleges.
• Personally I never object to these challenges
and in the present case am more than willing to
try to answer the two typical objections I have
quoted; for they are insistent and cannot
rightly be ignored.
The Possibility of Accuracy
At a meeting of the Wood Industries Divi-
sion of the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, two weeks ago, a paper was read on
sash and door manufacturing. In the course of
it the engineer, who was its author, remarked
that the machines he was describing were far
more accurate than most of the machinery used
in machine shops. He gave evidence in sup-
port of this rather surprising thesis and showed
that modern wood working machines are
amazingly accurate in their construction as well
as in their performance. On the other hand,
wood workers still talk and think as if the error
range in wood-working operations were always
and inevitably very large. It is true that wood
is a refractory material, in the sense that its
susceptibility to the influence of moisture,
whether atmospheric or artificial, renders it
variable in respect of dimensions. Rut it is also
true that wood-working has been steadily be-
coming more accurate during the last twenty
years. Any one who is acquainted with the
methods which prevail in most piano shops
knows that accuracy in following given meas-
Punchings
Washers
Bridle Straps
581437th Ave.
urements could, in most cases, be vastly in-
creased.
The Object of Accuracy
Now the object of closely calculating the
lengths, of strings is to obtain the greatest pos-
sible accuracy in the fitting of bridge and plate,
to the end that the actual lengths appearing on
the completed piano may be as near as possible
to being absolutely accurate. By very closely cal-
culating the lengths, after having arrived at a
proper basis for the calculation, we are able to
set out a pattern for the plate maker, and also
for the patternmaker who is to give the belly-
man the bridge and the drilling jig for it, with
which these latter mechanics may be able to do
their work as it should be done. I am quite sure,
from actual experience, that the longest strings
can be laid out within an error not exceeding
.05 inch, when the bridge pattern has been prop-
erly followed in making the bridges and in drill-
ing them. When these two last-named points
have been properly attended to, the bellyman
has only to make sure that he gets the proper
length of string at the first and last unisons on
each of the two bridges, treble and bass. Nor
is there any good reason for any error larger
than 1/16" ( = .0625") at the worst, which, on
short strings, can be reduced to less than half
this much.
Value of Accuracy
What then is the use of such accuracy? In
the first place, if one calculates every string
length to the second place of decimals, one
may always be sure of measuring distances with
an error not exceeding .02", merely by being
careful always to use a decimal rule. I have
for long used such a rule, made of steel and
graduated to l/100ths of an inch. By using a
pair of dividers with sharp points, there is no
.difficulty in coming within one division of the
scale, plus or minus. The prick mark one makes
on the paper when the point of the dividers is
pressed down need not be more than .02" in
diameter. It is, in fact, just as easy to work to
a decimal scale, attempting to measure within
an error not exceeding ± .02", as to work to
thirty-seconds. And there is the added advan-
tage that one is far more often able to land
square on the exact length. In fact when a
EASY TO REPAIR
DAMAGED FINISHES
Y
OU can easily repair the damage
to varnished surfaces through fol-
lowing the instructions given in our
book "How to Repair Damage to Var-
nished Surfaces." Dealers everywhere
are enthusiastic over the ease with
which this is done—and the losses
which have been eliminated. A copy
will be sent to you free upon request.
The M. L. Campbell Co.
1OO8 W. 8th St.
Kansas City, Mo.
George W. Braunsdorf, Inc.
Direct Manufacturers of
TUNERS' TRADE SOLICITED
Also—Pelts and
Cloths, Furnished
in Any Quantity
Woodside, L. I., N. Y.
35
length is expressed by some number of which
the fractional part is .05, .10, .15, .20, .25 or
others of that order, one can be certain of land-
ing upon the exact point on the scale without
any trouble. The decimal scale in fact pro-
motes practical as well as theoretical accuracy.
Effect on Results
A second reason for insisting upon calcula-
tions more accurate than can always be carried
out is to be found in the fact that the bridge
curve always comes out more nearly as it is in-
tended to be, when the plotting of lengths is
done to the limit of accuracy on the decimal
(Continued on page 36)
Our large stock is very seldom
depleted, and your order, whether
large or small, will receive imme-
diate attention. In addition, you
get the very best of
Felts— Cloths— Hammers —
Punchings — Music Wire —
Tuning Pins—Player P a r t s -
Hinges, etc.
We have in stock a full line of
materials for Pianos and Organs.
The American Piano Supply Co.,
110-112 East 13th St.
New York City
William Braid White
Associate, American Society of Mechanical
Engineers; Chairman, Wood Industries
Division, A. S. M. E.; Member, American
Physical Society; Member, National Piano
Technicians' Association.
Consulting Engineer to
the Piano Industry
Tonally and Mechanically Correct Scales
Tonal and Technical Surveys of Product
Tonal Betterment Work In Factories
References
to manufacturers of unquestioned
position in industry
For particulars, address
209 South State Street, CHICAGO
Piano Technicians School
Courses in Piano Tuning, Regulating and Repairing.
(Upright, Grand, Playar and Reproducing; Pianos.)
Professional Tuners have taken our courses to
broaden the scope of their work. Write for Catalog R.
Tat T. M. C. A. «r Philadelphia, 1421 Area Street
Music Trade Review -- © mbsi.org, arcade-museum.com -- digitized with support from namm.org
36
The Music Trade Review
DECEMBER 4, 1926
The Technical and Supply Department—(Continued from page 35)
scale. Although the prick marks occupy space,
and the drill holes for the bridge pins still mpre
space, yet it is found in practice that the ap-
proach to calculated accuracy is always close in
proportion as the figures are carried to the right
of the decimal point. One only has to look at
a carefully calculated scale to note the lovely
curve of the treble bridge and the graceful
sweep of the agraffe line, usually far surpassing
in good looks curves obtained by non-mathe-
matical methods.
Therefore the answer to the first question is:
the more accurately the string lengths are cal-
culated, the more accurate the resulting work is
likely to be.
tances and loadings will have been worked out desire to put their own high personal skill be-
in advance, and any defects in the completed hind the execution of the foundational design.
piano will first have to be sought in other parts The architect's drawings, be it remembered, or
of the construction. The first thought in fact the architect's figures and specifications do not
will be "has the design been carried out faith- constitute the dwelling house or the skyscraper,
fully?" The second thought will be "if it has but even a bungalow put up haphazard is al-
been carried out faithfully, then our materials ways a sorry specimen of work, while a sky-
are not up to specification; or else our work- scraper put up by chance or guess is a sheer im-
manship is poor." And through such self-criti- possibility.
cism the men responsible for the result will
quite probably be guided into the right direc-
tion.
A Directing Force
is solicited and should be addressed to William
In other words, the mere fact of a scien- Braid White, 5149 Agatite avenue, Chicago.
tifically worked out design will act as a direct-
Scale and Piano
ing force. If it be known by those who are
The answer to the second question is more responsible for the construction, that the de-
complex. In effect it might be stated as: "How sign is correct from an engineering and acoustic
large a share in the final result is fairly to be standpoint, they will do all in their power to
awarded to the scale design?" In either form follow it faithfully throughout. Moreover, what
the question has been often controverted, and mistakes they do make will be referred by them Course Opened at Hotel Imperial, on Novembe :
my own answer to it, although it may not sat- to the design and thus corrected. On the other
22, With Approximately Seventy Enrolled
isfy every one, should at least be interesting.
hand, if the tonal result fall short of expecta-
And I would answer that, other things being tions, it will not be necessary to waste time in
The Danquard Player School, which is spon-
equal, I had rather have a first class scale with blind experiment, for the next experiment will
sored by the Standard Pneumatic Action Co.
second class workmanship and materials, than be at once indicated. It will necessarily, in fact,
and the Auto Pneumatic Action Co., New York,
a second class scale with first class workman- take the shape of a check-up on the design, to
as a traveling institution for piano repair men
ship.
discover where, if anywhere, the work has is back in its home town, having begun it-
The statement calls for explanation. The deviated from the latter. Only after that
sessions at the Hotel Imperial, Broadway and
scale is the acoustic plan. If it be drawn un- may it be necessary to take steps to discover
Thirty-second street, on Monday, November 22.
scientifically, that is to say by following the whether the design can be improved.
About seventy men have enrolkd for the New
draughtsman's own experiences as developed
York sessions, which will be held up to De-
Last
Considerations
during previous designs, or by copying the
If will, of course, be pointed out that good cember 10 and possibly for an additional week
work of another draughtsman, then inevitably
pianos
have been made from designs many if the attendance warrants it. As is usual with
the results will be incalculable. It will be im-
years
old
or which have been permitted to most of the stays of the school, many men have
possible to guess correctly what will be the
deviate
in
many
directions from their original come a great distance to attend it, one of them
tonal result in any portion of the scale. When
lines.
To
which
the
answer is that these pianos having come to New York from Minnesota and
the work has been done and the iron plate is
would
be
still
better
if their foundation work several from Ohio.
ready to be fitted, the men responsible for the
Interest is centering on the player-piano play-
were
grounded
upon
ascertained
and ascertain-
construction will be unable to say why they
ing
contest to be run during the last two days
able
data.
The
perfect
piano
will
be
the
piano
have chosen these specific string lengths, or
whether the loadings which they are planning of which the scale has been designed by an of the Danquard School's visit in New York,
to use are actually suitable. They will then engineer who is also both a practical acous- under the auspices of the Standard Pneumatic
be obliged to work out by slow trial and error tician and a practically experienced piano- Action Co. All men enrolled for the short in-
the details of the loadings and the lengths. They maker, and carried out by men who honestly structional course are eligible to compete in the
will have to experiment with the striking dis-
tances, with the hammers and with other im-
portant things. Not only will they therefore
be very likely to waste a great deal of time,
but still more, they may be tempted to regard
as satisfactory results which, in reality, do not
at all exhaust the possibilities of their design.
And all this will be because these men will not
LIGHT—COMPACT—SERVICEABLE
have been in possession of previously ascer-
tained scientific data upon any of the disputable
Weighs Only 6 Pounds
points of their work. No matter how fine their
workmanship, they will have to treat each sep-
When closed the aluminum
arate piano as a separate problem. Therefore
such an occurrence as a change of skilled
trays nest together over the large
worker at some vital point may at any time
compartment, which measures
mean a hiatus in the orderly course of manu-
137/ 8 '' x 6" x 4". The two lef: hand
facture.
Advantage of Scientific Design
trays measure 137 8 " x 2 l / A " x U/g"
On the other hand a first-class and scientific
and the two right hand trays 137/ 8 "
scale can hardly be made the basis of a very
bad piano. Even though the material and the
x 334" x \y 8 ". The partitions in
workmanship be relatively second-rate, the ex-
right hand trays are adjustable cr
Outside measurements 15J4 inches long, 7
istence of a scientific design will always make
may be removed. Case is fitted
inches wide, 8 inches high.
for accuracy and security. The lengths, dis-
No. 150—Covered with seal grain imitation
with a very secure lock and solil
leather. Each $13.00
brass, highly nickel-plated hard-
No. 200—Covered with genuine black cow-
ware.
hide leather. Each $20.00 F.O.B. New York.
Correspondence
Danquard School Holds
Sessions in New York
Tuners Carrying Case
FAUST SCHOOL
OF TUNING
Standard of America
Alumni of 2000
Piano Tuninc, Pipe and Reed Orsao
and Player Piano. Tear Book Free.
27-29 Gainmboro Straet
BOSTON, MASS.
Tuners
and Repairers
Our new illustrated catalogue of Piano and
Player Hardware Felts and Tools is n«w
ready.
If you haven't received your copy
please let us know.
OTTO R. TREFZ, JR.
2110 Fairmount ATC.
Phila., Pa.
We have a separate Department to take care of special requirements
of tuners and repairers. Mail orders for action parts, repair materials,
also tuning and regulating tools are given special attention.
Hammacher, Schlemmer & Co.
Piano and Player Hardware, Felts and Tools
New York Since 1848
4th Ave. at 13th St.

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