Music Trade Review

Issue: 1922 Vol. 75 N. 18

Music Trade Review -- © mbsi.org, arcade-museum.com -- digitized with support from namm.org
OCTOBER 28,
THE MUSIC TRADE
1922
REVIEW
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The Possibility of Using the Player-piano as an Aid in the Technical Study
of Pianoforte Music, and also in the Study of the Manual Playing of the
Piano, Is Now Being Clearly Demonstrated by Several New Developments
The announcement by the Q R S Music Co.
of a new edition of music rolls devoted to
teaching the technique of the piano keyboard
reminds one that the idea of utilizing the pos-
sibilities of the player-piano definitely as an aid
in technical musical study has been in the minds
of the more far-sighted men of the industry
for a number of years. If one's memory is not
at fault, a complete system of elementary piano
study by means of music roll and keyboard
combined was worked out some twelve or more
years ago. But the idea has never been com-
pletely developed and those who have toyed
with it has soon found that it is a great deal
more elaborate and complicated than they had
supposed when first it appealed to them. Never-
theless, the capacity of the player-piano in re-
spect of musical expression is so very great
that it is impossible for musicians to ignore the
facts. From time to time, therefore, proposals
have been made for bringing the music teacher
and the player-piano closer together. Now that
a serious effort is again being made to supply
teachers with proper music roll teaching mate-
rial, the time is propitious for considering what
may be the most natural and valuable function
of the player-piano in such work.
Music vs. Technique
The mistake which has been commonly made
by musicians when considering the player-piano
and its place in the musical world is well illus-
trated in the reply which a woman musician
made some years ago to a letter from Ernest
Newman, the eminent music critic, who had
written an article favorable to the player-piano's
pretensions. This lady could not understand
how musicians like Mr. Newman could pos-
sibly recommend the player-piano, which "per-
mitted ignorant people to run through the most
complicated modern works when they ought to
be learning to play the Bach Inventions." The
lady was irritated because she had become
accustomed to confusing music with piano play-
ing and could not see that there is no virtue
in the keyboard as such. She assumed, of course,
that to deprive a student of the rigors and
terrors of five-finger exercises was to deprive
him or her of the only possible means to music
appreciation. Take away the keyboard, she
assumed, and you take away musicianship.
Of course, the notion is grotesque, although
it is very widely held. In point of fact, there
is not the least reason why one should not be
a musician without ever having seen a piano
keyboard. The keyboard constitutes merely the
means, and very imperfect means, for making
effective use of the strings and hammers of the
piano. Now, the player-piano and its rolls con-
stitute together other and in some ways far
more effective means to the same end.
The Only Fair Objection
But it will be said that the player-piano and
its rolls do not teach the user of them to read
music or to understand its notational and rhyth-
mic structure, even though they may make him
familiar with a great deal of music and perhaps
even allow him to acquire a sense of harmonic
beauty. The objection requires to be discussed
seriously, for it is the one objection which has
any merit, so far as we can see.
Musical notation is very imperfect. It is cer-
tainly incapable in its present form of indicating
interpretation. Thanks to the universal adop-
tion of the equal temperament, the composer
can indicate pitch and tonality accurately. But
he cannot possibly give more than the very
slightest indications of how he wishes to have
his music reproduced. On the other hand, the
present system of notation does lend itself fairly
well to indications of rhythm, although it gives
no picture of these, but only a system of signs,
which, so far as they go, are accurate and can
be read by those who will learn how.
Now, the music roll needs only two features
in addition to those it already possesses to be
able to surpass the printed notation in every
respect. The perforations have the enormous
advantage of presenting to the eye a concrete
definite picture of the rhythmic pattern of the
tune and of its harmonies. It has the further
advantage of representing accurately to the eye
in actual picture form the relative duration
values of the sounds. In these important re-
spects it is far superior to the printed notes.
It, however, lacks any precise indications of
pitch, and so is unable to give the musician an
adequate mental representation of the music.
Furthermore, it is, as usually manufactured,
bare of all indications of the rhythmic pulse of
the music, owing to the absence of phrasing and
bar lines.
What Music Rolls Can Indicate
There is no mechanical difficulty in devising
means for showing the bar divisions and for
indicating the phrasing. If these two simple
points were attended to the musicians' objec-
tions to the music roll would be reduced to one
point, and this point one which has already
been solved by the ingenious combination of
perforations with staff lines invented by Mr.
Carroll Brent Chilton, under the name Audi-
script.
Therefore it may fairly be said that there is in
reality nothing standing between the music roll
and a more perfect musical notation than has
ever yet been devised. Once put into practice
the improvements which have been worked out
already and we can successfully meet every
objection the musicians can make, besides show-
ing them that we have definite advantages of
our own which they cannot in any other way
obtain.
The position of the music roll, then, as an
aid in the study of music appreciation, is secure.
Can it be practically worked out so as to obtain
alike the adherence of musicians and the pur-
poses of musical education?
Sound Before Note
The actual work of learning to control the
muscles of the fingers, wrist and arm so as
to manipulate the keyboard successfully is, of
course, not in the least a musical task. It is
physiological in its basis and can well be taught
on a dumb keyboard. But the co-ordination of
hand and brain, the linking up of the thought
with the action, is something which can very
easily and well be assisted by the use of the
player-piano. The modern teacher of piano tells
his pupils to form a mental picture of the tone
which is to be sounded, to think the sound be-
fore an attempt is made to reproduce it. Here
the player-piano is immensely useful. If a pupil
can watch the motions of the keys and simul-
taneously hear the rhythmic and tonal values
of the music accurately set forth he will find
the otherwise puzzling successions of printed
notes immediately interpreted to his thought,
and from the start will have a better idea of
how the notes translate themselves into sound.
One of the greatest difficulties teachers have to
encounter is the difficulty of beginning with the
young pupil. Modern methods, in fact, try to
impart the sound before reading begins, but
the groping and imperfect methods to this end
which alone are possible without the player-
piano give way at once when the pneumatic
instrument is introduced. A whole scheme of
rapid and easy mastery over the fundamentals
(Continued on page 8)
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THE
8
MUSIC TRADE
REVIEW
OCTOBER 28,
1922
Keeping Interest in the Player Alive
What the Salesman and the Tuner Can Do to Solve the Problem of the "Silent Player" by Instructing the Owner in
the Proper Uses of the Instrument and Its Various Control Devices—Maintaining the
Owner's Interest an Important Part of the Selling Problem
If a man or woman buys an automobile the
salesman, or someone designated by him, sees
to it that the purchaser is fully instructed in
the operation of the car, because such knowl-
edge is obligatory under the law before the
owner can drive the vehicle in the public streets;
if a vacuum cleaner is bought someone is on
hand at the customer's home to explain in
detail the proper manner of operating it; if a
piece of factory machinery is bought the manu-
facturer sends an expert to explain the proper
method of using it, and yet the player-piano,
as a general rule, is delivered at the home and
no further effort is made to see that the pur-
chaser has any instruction at all in the method
of operating it to procure the best results.
It is assumed by the average piano salesman
that the player-piano is so simple to operate
that a course of instruction is not necessary
and yet the fact that such instruction is not
given in every case is largely responsible for
the fact that owners grow tired of their players
and are not inclined to recommend that friends
purchase similar instruments.
So far as the pumping goes, the operation of
the player is simple. The purchaser inserts the
roll, a very simple procedure, moves the lever
shifting the gears to playing position and then,
by pressing the feet on the pedals, gets some
sort of music. But there is much to the opera-
tion of the player beyond the simple process
of making the roll move over the tracker. The
proper observance of the expression marks on
the rolls, the correct use of the various control
levers and buttons, regulating the tempo and
dynamics, and the means for controlling the
expression in some measure by the pressure
on the pedals, should all be explained in detail
to the new player owner in order that he may
be able to get the greatest musical benefit from
his instrument.
It is all well enough to declare that the
music rolls of to-day are so cut that one simply
needs to set the tempo at the proper mark and
operate the levers, or buttons, controlling the
hammer rail in accordance with the roll mark-
ings to get perfect results. It is because of
this belief that the neighbors of many player-
MUSICALLY SPEAKING
(Continued from page 7)
of piano playing can be marvelously promoted
by judicious use of the player-piano, both in
the teacher's studio and at the child's home.
Pianist vs. Musician
Still, as we said before, piano playing, con-
sidered as a matter of keyboard technique, is
not the end and aim of music study. For one
who will ever become a decent pianist there are
ten who might become first-rate player-pianists,
true musicians of the pneumatic and the pedals.
Any first-rate player-pianist is more likely to
be a well-informed musical connoisseur, in re-
spect of familiarity with musical literature and
ability to form judgments as to the value of any
work presented for consideration, than the ordi-
nary pianist or violinist, mentally desiccated by
a long course in finger gymnastics.
The field for the player-piano in musical edu-
cation has only been lightly cultivated, but the
field is already white to the harvest. May the
laborers in it some day be many. Meanwhile,
let us be glad that a pioneer has already entered
at one end of it, with scythe and sickle ready
for the threshing.
owners have reached a point where they con-
template anything ranging from felonious as-
sault to murder on the offending musician and
have been so annoyed by the sameness of the
music produced that they have been killed as
player prospects for years, if not forever.
From both a business and artistic standpoint,
it is little short of criminal to sell a new player-
piano without giving the purchaser minute in-
structions as to how to get the most out of it.
Perhaps he is a jazz fiend and is perfectly satis-
fied to grind out jazz rolls as is, and without
expression, but, at least, he should be given
the opportunity of doing better things with the
instrument. By far the greater number of pur-
chasers will appreciate the instruction service
and profit thereby to their own advantage, as
well as to the advantage of the house selling
the instrument.
How the Salesman Can Benefit
The average salesman does not appear to be
inclined to spend a few hours at the home of
his customer after the sale, demonstrating the
instrument and explaining its operation, for
when the contract is signed he feels that the
deal is closed and he is through. Yet more
than one successful salesman has won success
through doing that very thing. When the
player-piano is new the owner is naturally proud
of it and for the first few weeks at least there
is rarely an evening when some friends are not
invited in to hear it play. If the salesman is on
the job two or three evenings he comes in con-
tact with these friends, is able to demonstrate
for them when they are not on their guard
against the salesman, and has a strong booster
in the new owner. As a producer of prospects
there is no system that works better.
Where the Tuner Can Help
That the piano tuner can be a decided factor
in keeping the player owner satisfied and in
arousing a fresh interest in the instrument on
the part of those who have gotten tired of it
was made evident by a number of tuners in
articles submitted in a recent contest. The
tuner goes into the home some months at least
after the instrument has been installed and fre-
quently finds a disgusted owner. If hg is not
simply satisfied to put the player in good shape,
but takes sufficient interest to acquaint the
customer with its workings and explain the
value of being able to get the most real music
out of the better class of rolls in his library,
then the trade as a whole is benefited.
It is all well enough to suggest that the cus-
tomer purchase a fair proportion of better-class
rolls with the idea of weaning him away from
tiresome jazz, or that a number of good rolls
be included in the original assortment. That
method will accomplish no results unless the
buyer is given instructions in the operation of
the instrument to get the proper results with
the good rolls.
There have been suggestions made at various
times that schools be established to teach the
proper operation of the player, and, in fact, at
least one bold spirit tried to put the plan into
execution. The fact remains, however, that in
buying a player-piano the purchaser is making
an investment sufficiently large to entitle him
to free instruction regarding the operation of
the player, if only for the purpose of keeping
him satisfied and turning him into a booster,
instead of a knocker, for the instrument.
The Wisdom of Instruction Obvious
Even in cases where the cheaper players are
sold the wisdom and necessity of seeing that
the purchasers are properly instructed in their
use cannot be overlooked, for the owners of
the cheaper grades of players can be turned
into boosters or knockers for the instrument
according to their understanding of its opera-
tion and their ability to get proper results from
it. The point is not to be lost sight of that
the proportion of lower-priced players in use
is greater than that of costlier instruments and,
therefore, their misuse through ignorance is
calculated to have a bad effect not only upon
instruments of the same grade, but upon pos-
sible sales of more expensive instruments to
neighbors who are better off financially.
The advent and success of the reproducing
piano has had a tendency in some quarters to
turn attention away from the ordinary type of
player-piano, the salesmen devoting much of
their energies to pushing the reproducing in-
strument because of the larger amounts involved
and therefore the larger commissions. The ordi-
nary player-piano, however, the foot-power in-
strument, is still a big factor in the trade and
will undoubtedly remain so until the repro-
ducing pianos make very substantial gains.
The Salesmen Should Know Their Product
At the recent school for piano salesmen in
New York it was found that some of the sales-
men themselves were wofully ignorant regard-
ing the structural details and the proper opera-
tion of player-pianos. It might be well, there-
fore, to see that salesmen are qualified to
operate and demonstrate player-pianos properly
in order that they may be in a position to pass
oh correct information to their customers.
To be popular, any article, whether it is a
player-piano, an automobile, a piece of music,
or a book, must be understood and the popu-
larity is most likely to increase in direct ratio
with the increase in understanding. The solu-
tion of the problem of keeping player owners
interested and arousing fresh interest in those
who have tired of their instruments lies quite
as much in a campaign of education to teach
them how to produce really worth-while musical
effects with the equipment at hand as it docs
in the producing of music rolls so cut as to
make their reproduction a purely automatic
proposition.
This work of instruction is distinctly up to
the salesman who closes the contract, whether
he spends his own time in teaching the player
owner how to operate his instrument, or
whether arrangements have been made to
have some one else provide the necessary train-
ing. The cost of such instruction, either in
money or time, is certain to be more than re-
paid in the results accomplished.
AMPICO BEFOREJM*OMINENT ACTORS
Appears in Concert With Daisy Jean, 'Cellist,
at the Hotel Waldorf-Astoria, New York
A distinguished group of stage folk heard
Daisy Jean, Belgian 'cellist and soprano, and
the Ampico in concert at the Hotel Waldorf-
Astoria, New York, on the afternoon of October
13. Among those in the audience were Zelda
Sears, Ruth Chatterton, Dorothy Francis, Henry
Savage, James Forbes and Harold Levy, the
composer. The Ampico not only accompanied
Miss Jean, but likewise had a group to itself,
re-enacting Mischa Levitzki's playing of the
Sixth Hungarian Rhapsody.
P I A >4 O S
AND
P LA.V E R S

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