Music Trade Review

Issue: 1914 Vol. 58 N. 1

Music Trade Review -- © mbsi.org, arcade-museum.com -- digitized with support from namm.org
12
THE MUSIC TRADE REVIEW
Advertising that Developed Big New Distribution Outlet
By C. ALFRED WAGNER, of the Musical Instrument Sales Co., New York City, and Written Especially for Printers' Ink.
The department store is a problem to most
manufacturers, the biggest many of them have.
How to get in, and get in "right"—without giv-
ing the store too deep a discount, or abandoning
the retail price to its tender mercies, or sacrificing
brand identity—these are questions of the utmost
importance to them.
I first began to realize this while traveling for
a piano house a few years ago. I heard unending
discussion of the subject by other salesmen on the
road. I absorbed the bigger, broader views of the
national distributors from the pages of Printers'
dication of the size of the market, it may be said
that the December output tends to show gross
sales amounting to half a million dollars.
These stores are all members of the United Dry
Goods Co., of which John Claflin is president, the
largest corporation of its kind in the country. The
piano manufacturers who put themselves behind
the selling plan are the largest manufacturers of
pianos and piano-players in the world.
These manufacturers approached the dry goods
merchants about two years ago and asked why
they did not enter the piano field. The latter re-
plied that they were dry goods merchants and
knew little about the piano business. When, how-
ever, they learned the opportunities open to them
in the operation of the right sort of a piano de-
partment they were half convinced. The conclu-
sive argument was found in the proposal to form
a piano-selling organization which should go into
the stores of the merchants comprising the United
Dry Goods Co., and sell the pianos for them,
using their name value to back up the advertising
and sales effort. The new company was to buy
all stock, assume all expenses, hire, handle and pay
all help, and conduct its own advertising cam-
paign. It was to bill each store as fast as it dis-
posed of its stock.
The organization at length formed to do these
things was called the Musical Instrument Sales
Co. We established headquarters in New York
and began to lay plans. We were prepared to of-
fer the public a range of pianos and player-pianos
retailing from $170 to $1,500, the product of such
houses as William Knabe & Co., Checkering &
Sons, Vose Piano Co., Kohler & Campbell, Auto-
piano Co., J. & C. Fischer, Haines Brothers and
Page Newspaper Ad Run in Six Cities Held
the Packard Co. We arranged to give the most
Sales Up to Former Bargain Day Copy.
liberal terms possible, a very small amount down
Ink. I saw that the condition ran through scores
and a smaller amount weekly; a five years' guar-
of different lines. \ was reading Printers' Ink
antee; trial privilege for 30 days; exchange within
very religiously then—I still do—and the detail
a year; free music rolls and concessions in price
of experience given there the dissection of prob-
on others; two free tunings, a piano stool and
lems, and the discussion of trends, policies and
free delivery within a certain radius.
practices by leading figures in the manufacturing
world, urged me on to an analysis of the possi-
The usual practice of progressive piano depart-
bilities in my own line. I began to ask myself
ments and stores is to have both an inside force
questions. Some department stores sell pianos.
and an outside force of salesmen, the latter gen-
Why not all? Why should pianos be "different"?
erally three or four times the size of the former.
The advertising and advertising literature are ex-
I found an answer to these questions. It is not
pected in addition to bring prospective customers
the old answer, but it may prove all the more in-
to the store to produce "leads" for outside sales-
teresting for that reason. And it is closer, more
vital to manufacturers, at least to manufacturers men to follow up. The store prospects that can-
not be closed are handed over to the outside sales-
in many lines.
rren. The latter are likewise expected to turn up
In one day last October, for instance, a large
business of their own.
department store in New York, O'Neill-Adams,
This is the classical way of handling piano busi-
sold $332,336.40 worth of goods. That is proba-
ness. Necessarily we followed it, picking for
bly the record for American stores. It is probably
managers the best and most experienced piano
second only to the world's record of the Bon
men we could find in each city and helping them
Marche, of Paris—something over $500,000 in a
form their own organization. We did not confine
single day. Of this O'Neill-Adams total, ofie de-
our search for men to the piano field, but secured
partment—pianos—sold more than $80,000 worth
men who were good salesmen, whether they ever
of instruments. That is probably a record for
saw a keyboard or not. Some of our leading
piano sales. But the point of interest to national
sales producers do not play, and most of the time
advertisers is that the department was run by an
do not have to have the instruments demonstrated.
independent sales organization representing a
The name of the maker and the sales talk are the
group of six piano manufacturers, of course with
real factors.
the co-operation of the store, and that it was only
Our first opening was in the O'Neill-Adams
the first of six such departments organized within
store, in October, 1912. For it we made use of a
the past year in as many different stores in as
selling and advertising plan that is widely known
many different cities.
as successful in the piano trade. The copy in this
Unworked, Overlooked Field.
case filled alternate pages and half pages in two
This department store had had no previous ex-
newspapers twice a week, and consisted of a long
perience in selling pianos. It would not of its own
description and appeal in reading type, with oc-
initative have started a piano department and made
casional display heads.
it the remarkable distributive outlet it has turned
The feature of each ad was the invitation to
out to be. It was a fresh, unworked, overlooked
join a co-operative piano-buying movement and
field, right in the heart of the most carefully
get a piano on a better basis than could otherwise
combed, hotly contested territory in the country.
be secured. The plan and copy have been tried out
Until within a short time before the sales com-
in many places under the direction of the man
pany was organized it had not even been con-
who originated them and have been almost in-
sidered. Now, besides the seven such markets,
two other stores have been arranged for. And to variably successful. It is a scheme, however, de-
signed only for a limited period. At the end of
these should be added eight other departments
which handle Victor talking machines. As an in- two months it runs its course and the territory
must be allowed to lie fallow for several months
so far as that scheme is concerned. But it made
bay for us while the sun shone. We advertised
generally in a number of New York newspapers,
using in all 30,000 lines during the two months.
It proved very successful, indeed, for by it we
sold more than $500,000 worth of pianos in the
first months of the new department.
Advertising Which Brought Results.
At the end of the first week the advertising
had brought in an avalanche of coupon returns,
and we had to build our outside sales force up
rapidly to thirty or forty men to take care of
them. We had ten to twelve on the floor all the
time.
After the co-operative plan had spent its force
we turned to the regulation department store bar-
gain offer, advertising twice a week special bar-
gains in pianos and player-pianos, and putting the
announcement into local newspaper pages and half
pages. 'Meantime we were planning our exten-
sions, and one after another we opened depart-
ments in these other stores, all of which are mem-
bers of the United Dry Goods Co.: Lord & Gage,
Reading, Pa.; Castner, Knott Dry Goods Co.,
Nashville; Stewart Dry Goods Co., Louisville; J.
N. Adam & Co., Buffalo, and Scruggs-Vander-
voort-Barney Dry Goods Co., St. Louis.
These departments were added not all at once,
but through the year, that in the St. Louis store
of Scruggs-Vandervoort-Barney latest. Others
are in contemplation, among them the new de-
partment store of Lord & Taylor, on upper Fifth
avenue, New York, which will give one entire floor
to our department, including a concert hall.
Practically the same plan was used to start off
the departments in all except the last store—the
The Power of
Cooperation
Another Newspaper Page to Impress Idea of
Common Interest of Factory, Store and Home.
co-operative offer first and afterward the bargain
offer, with special sales on the line in the slack
months of February and March, June, July and
August.
The history of all the departments was vir-
tually the same, that of unvarying success. We
had a strong line to offer with splendid names,
at unprecedented terms. We had paid particular
attention to getting a strong organization and
treating them as well as we knew how. And we
had struck hard and often with our big-space ad-
vertising.
As the year wore on we began to get a better
line on our proposition. We strengthened the or-
ganization and established a little four-page house
organ, The Reveille, to give it a medium of com-
munication. We held simultaneous sales conven-
tions and did many other things that have con-
tributed to higher efficiency.
During all this time we were growing to feel
Music Trade Review -- © mbsi.org, arcade-museum.com -- digitized with support from namm.org
THE MUSIC TRADE
REVIEW
13
ADVERTISING THAT DEVELOPED BIG NEW DISTRIBUTION OUTLET-(Continued from page 12).
that the advertising, productive as it had been in
every city, was not exactly on the right basis. It
always featured two pianos, specially priced at
$395 and $248.75. They were meant to act as sales
C. Alfred Wagner.
leaders, and to an extent did so, assisting in build-
ing up a large and profitable business.
Weak Point in Advertising.
The weak point of the advertising was that it
gave the impression that the departments were
selling only these two grades. Apparently, only 1
those people who came to the department to in-
quire about the bargains realized that the depart-
ment was selling other lines.
How to advertise that the department was
handling all these other high-grade pianos and
player-pianos without sacrificing the pulling power
of the special offer was our problem, and it gave
us a good many days of hard thinking.
There was one idea that we kept circling around
and veering back to after every side excursion.
We felt that the thing to do was to reduce the
space devpted so exclusively to price consideration
and make more of the big names on our product—•
Knabe, Chickering, Vose, Kohler & Campbell,
Autopiano, Fischer, Haines, Pianista, Stratford,
Packard, Charles Kohler. We knew it was impos-
sible to get away from price altogether—the piano
business, more than most other trades, has suf-
fered so much and so long from every kind of
abuse of the price appeal that the highest prestige
is required to do without it in some form. Neither
did we want to minimize our price and terms when
these were among our greatest selling advantages.
We wanted to spread the advantages over all the
line and connect up the national prestige of the
piano manufacturers with the local store and our
department.
We were still turning our problem over in our
mind when we saw in Printers' Ink last year the
description and reproduction of a remarkable se-
ries of advertisements which the mail order house
of Montgomery Ward & Co. was running in the
agricultural and mail order press. These adver-
tisements, which were largely composed of line
drawings by some of the best-known black-and-
white artists of the day, were a radical departure
from the old mail order price advertising and
were designed to impress upon the farmer the high
character, business integrity and immense re-
sources of the house of Montgomery Ward. It
was intended to lead the farmer to give more
weight to whatever Montgomery Ward & Co. said,
and so deepened that house's price appeal.
In a word, it was our problem, and perhaps our
solution. We got the whole set of drawings from
Printers' Ink and studied them. We studied the
story of the advertising manager as to the various
steps by which the big mail order house had
reached this conclusion. And then we waited to
see what would happen to Montgomery Ward.
Time having demonstrated the soundness of the
Ward experiment, we cast about to see in what
way we might embody the new theory in our ad-
vertising. We did not care to follow the model
too closely. We had our own story to tell. We
could not dispense altogether with price. And we
did not go to C. D. Gibson or James Montgomery
Flagg to do the pictures.
Adaptation to Own Needs.
We compromised by giving the larger part of
the ad up to the picture, and putting price, terms
and other inducements down in fine type, but
nevertheless displayed, so that the person inter-
ested and impressed by the picture could not help
but see it. The artists we employed were young
men of recognized merit to whom we paid re-
spectable amounts for their work. The result may
be noted in the accompanying reproductions of
the page ads.
One or two illustrations may not give an ade-
quate idea of what we are trying to do through
them. The characteristic that distinguishes them
fiom the great majority of advertisements is: their
sentimental, emotional quality. This is not a nov-
elty in piano advertising, but it has not been done
nearly so much as you would think, at least with
pictures. Such advertising of this nature as has
The Music
That Mother
Played
Will You Play Those Old
Songs To-night?
OU can play them, you know. For
Y the
cost barrier has fallen in this
store from the best player-pianos and
pianos in the world. If you desire a fine player-piano or
a piano—the power of our organization ran rhange that
desire into realized possession!
Knabe
Autopiano
Vose
Milton
Fischer
Pianista
Haines Bros.
Stratford
Player-Pianos
A guarantee covering five yes
fill of death.
Certainl\—you can play any m
irorld—if you hut willl
A Two-Column Ad Like This Alternated with
Page Ad.
been done has been generally directed to the peo-
ple who buy expensive instruments. As though
people of moderate and even scant means were
lacking in sentiment or emotion!
There are a vast number of people who would
like pianos or player-pianos and do not realize it.
They have a love for music, attend the opera and
concerts, but have not been led to think seriously
about producing music in their own homes. They
may be reading now and then a good deal of
creative piano advertising. They are coming in
some time, but they are not ready yet.
Now, these people are not ready to talk terms,
they are not interested. All the price advertis-
ing glides over them. If we want to reach them
with our advertising, we have got to do it through
putting them into the music mood, through an
emotional appeal. The connection between the
deep desire and the gratification of it has got to
be the notification by an emotional means that the
desire can be gratified. If this is done and done
right, then the full information about price, terms
and inducements that we tuck away in one corner
of the ad, not too much in evidence, not too ob-
scure, is a strong incitement to buy at once.
Price talk leaves some people cold; human-in-
terest pictures interest everybody. Combining the
two we get the dramatic approach, the emotional
appeal and the salient, effective closing by means
of the price and terms description, kept in the
background until the psychological moment.
Reflection of Idea's Bigness.
There is another type of big-space emotional ad
which we are alternating with the other. This is
designed to communicate our feeling about our
own proposition—our feeling that this co-opera-
tion between several big manufacturers and the
biggest dry goods corporation in the country
through our sales organization is a big thing, too,
and will inspire the public with confidence in our
offerings.
It is not only facts that inspire, but one's feel-
ing about facts. White-hot conviction and enthu-
siasm in the text makes converts and customers,
and so it does in the pictures, though that is not
so commonly attempted. By making our pictures
serious, by aiming at big conceptions, in the way
that thoughtful artists have done, we lift our
whole campaign to a higher plane, which is the
proper plane for musical appreciation. Then the
price apeal, if not too much obtruded, becomes of
double value.
By October we were ready to start in with these
ads for all of our departments, and we started in
on all together, pages twice a week in the appro-
priate newspapers, with each ad repeated in ten
inches over two columns on other days. The large
ads carried coupons. We ran five of the ads in
the period just before the beginning of the holiday
season, but judged it better to go back then to the
old type of bargain advertising until after New
Year's, when we shall resume the prestige pic-
tures.
We have not, therefore, given the new type of
advertisement the thorough try-out that it de-
serves in order to gauge its full possibilities. It
would not have surprised us if the business in
those two or three weeks had • fallen short of
what the old price appeal advertising would have
produced. We were willing to grant that it had
not the sting or the punch of the old type. We
felt it would be slower in starting business, more
than making it up later, though, by cumulative
effect. That would have been the natural expecta-
tion.
We were very pleasantly surprised to find that
right at the start the new ads produced just as
much business as the old price-inducement copy.
Judged by every standard we know and from
every point of view, they are just as effective as
the other kind. I think this is largely attributable
to the novelty of the ads. The influence of this
factor will decline later, but a rise of more than
compensating value ought to be registered for the
publicity in regard to the house and trade names.
This kind of advertising, which permits of great
variation in treatment, ought to increase in power
progressively.
Interesting St. Louis Experience.
The most suggestive experience of all came
from the store of Scruggs-Vandervoort-Barney,
St. Louis. The department here had not run any
oi the old advertising, but started out in October
with the new prestige ads. This department is
claimed by the store to be the most magnificent
and complete piano store in the world. Its open-
ing was preceded by a five-column announce-
ment and description. The effect of this and the
succeeding prestige ads was in the beginning to
fall short of the performance of the old style
ads in connection with the other stores, but after-
(Continued on page 14.)

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