Music Trade Review

Issue: 1881 Vol. 4 N. 5

Music Trade Review -- © mbsi.org, arcade-museum.com -- digitized with support from namm.org
April 5th, 1881.
THE MUSICAL CRITIC AND TRADE REVIEW.
81
ception of the role, and that we missed. Rosina, as described by the
librettist, is an arch, bright, coquettish Spanish girl; Mme. Gerster gave a
OT so very long ago we spoke about the right singers, in their own somewhat dull impersonation of a Teutonic maiden with slight embonpoint,
private opinion, reserve to themselves in regard to the repertoire of an who is too lazy to help in the intrigues meditated by Figaro and executed
opera season, and are constantly ready to worry the manager. If the man- by the Count. We do not understand how the plot ever could be achieved
ager should listen to their advices, propositions and final threats, he would with such an indifferent Rosina. Corsini was a respectable Bartolo, and
be lost. Let singers abuse him; if he is a wise man he will follow his own Monti in the role of Basilio would have been good but for an occassional
plans. Still worse are those singers who imagine that an operatic impresario faulty intonation.
rules all the newspapers of the world, and is personally responsible for
In "Carmen" Signor Campanini made his first appearance this season,
every line which is written about the opera or his artists. It can be
was greeted by the crowded house like an old friend and favorite. He
reasonably expected that every impresario has his friends among the and
wonderfully and sang with great finish, but his voice is utterly
musical critics who will do him small favors, there may be even the possi- acted
wrecked, and Signor Campanini would do well to take a good thorough rest,
bility of a compensation for services rendered now and then, but these are if
would not be forced into a rest, dictated by necessity. The organ, ae
exceptional eases. We know very well that Col. Mapleson finds means and it he
is
now,
will not stand the least fatigue, and an operatic performance is no
ways to influence the opinion of one of the writers on musical subjects, but child's play
for tired vocal chords. Signor Campanini is a great artist, and
on the whole he cannot control the New York press, and we think he is smart a consummate
actor, and in spite of vocal deficiencies ho always will be able
enough never to have tried. It happened that, not long ago, Marie Swift sang to take his audiences
storm in certain moments of passion, but should
the part of Donna Anna, and it is seldom that the entire New York press have these vocal deficiencies by become
chronic, or turn to the state of aphonia, his-
given such an unanimous verdict. Even Mr. Mapleson's warmest friends histrionic abilities will not be able
him long in the favor of the pub-
could not do anything for the lady without risking their position, and Mme. lic. We heard him in " Carmen" and to in hold
other roles last week, and always found
Swift's performance was generally condemned in more or less strong and the same hoarseness during the first act,
and afterwards a clearer tone, pro-
out-spoken terms. Mme. Swift must have read a good many adverse criti- duced by a strain. This state of affairs cannot
last very long, and the tired
cisms, for she grew furious, and went straight to the Colonel's private larynx one fine morning will refuse obedience entirely,
and we should feel
office to demand redress. We do not know what Mr. Mapleson may have sorry to see the operatic stage robbed of such an excellent
artist through his
answered his fair and injured prima donna, but he is not the man to fight own carelessness.
the New York press for the sake of Mme. Swift, and so the matter rested.
Mile. Anna De Belocca repeated her attempt to perform Carmen, but
Of course, Mrs. Swift will not abandon the idea that her manager could
have saved her from the disgrace, if he had made earnest efforts. The did not reach higher than to an impersonation of a pleasant, good-looking
majority of inferior singers are of the same frame of mind, and good artists gipsy girl. Mile. Valleria was excellent as Michaola. Signor Del Puente
often have the same failing. Our readers will recollect Mme. Eugenie sang the Toreador with a sprained ankle, and limped through the part with
Pappenheim, who came to this country with Theodore Wachtel, and re- the support of a cane. This conscientious artist did not wish to disappoint
mained here two or three seasons, till one fine evening, when she was the public, and suffered pain for the sake of keeping faith with the public.
But nature demands her rights, and the day following the " Carmen "
expected to sing at the Academy of Music, she gave her creditors the slip
and went to Europe via Boston. Mme. Pappenheim, with all her short- matinee Signor del Puente was obliged to take to his bed, and his physician
comings, was an excellent artiste, thoroughly German styled, but earnest in kept him confined a week to close quarters. The first performance of
all her endeavors, and more of a dramatic soprano than any other singer who Mozart's "Magic Flute" had to be postponed, and " I Puritani " was sub-
has been here since. This lady was the terror of her managers in America. stituted. Nothing of special interest can be said about this performance.
She liked to see her name in every colnmn of every newspaper, and always " Mignon " drew one of the best houses of the season, the occasion being
held her manager responsible if enough was not spoken about her. She tke first appearance of Marie Roze in Italian opera this season, and the
was one of the queerest women we ever came in contact with. She could farewell of Mile. Valleria. Mme. Roze has been heard so often in this city
not imagine that any body could dare to find fault with her, that was entirely that her " Mignon " is well known to opera-goers.
out of the question; but when she was praised she never was satisfied. If the
Mile. Valleria, in the part of Felicia, scored a great success. The suc-
critic said that her C in the third act was excellent, she complained that the cess is partly due to the excellent work she has done during the entire
B flat in the fourth act was not mentioned at the same time; if somebody season, partly to the endeavors of her friends to show her the honors d'adieu
wrote that her Fideliovr&s a grand impersonation, she went to her manager and before leaving for England. We never liked her Felicia verv well, although
told him it was his fault that her Valentine was not named beside her Fidelio. she sings the part well, and exhibits good technique in the "Polacca." But
Mme. Pappenheim read newspapers continually, and expected to find her her conception of the part is weak, and does not give the correct and distinct
name every five minutes. And all this had to be managed by her impresario. portrayal of the character, the only character which remained Goethe-ish in
Nobody will believe what unreasonable demands singers are capable of pro- the opera. Mile. Valleria has sung since October every genre of music in
ducing to the disgust of their managers.
New York, and no artist can be expected to do justice to all and everything.
The lady is a pearl of rare value to both manager and public, and will be
welcome whenever she returns here. The day after the "Mignon" per-
formance she sailed for England, her first rehearsal with Mr. Ernest Gye, of
Covent Garden, being announced for April 12. Signor Navaro sang the
part of Lothario, and Campanini was Wilhelm Meister, while Annie Louise
Cary was cast for the role of Federigo, a small part with little more to sing
ACADEMY OF MUSIC.
than a single Gavotte.
ITALIAN OPERA.
Miss Cary had not much to do this season before she made her appear-
as Leonore in " Donizetti's Favorita." People said that she had lost
A NOTHER week and this winter's Italian Opera Season belongs to his- ance
voice, and it would be useless to deny that the velvety timbre of the
XA. tory. Mr. Mapleson will be glad when it is over, and commence at her
has disappeared. But there is tone enough left to make her imper-
once his plans for next winter, if he ever makes plans for his operatic organ
sonations interesting, and the night of the "Favorita" was an especially
campaigns. The New York public has been so accustomed to the old lucky
for her. She was in good trim and the numerous audience re-
stale repertoire, that every change in it is hailed with delight and warded one
her efforts in the most liberal manner. Signor Galassi gave the role
greeted by a full house. Even Rossini's " Barbiere " drew an enormous of Alfonso
his usual brilliant style, and with such splendid volume of
audience. This beautiful opera of Rossini's is generally not very successful tone that his in admirers
raved about him. We should prefer Signor Galassi
in financial respects, and this fact is not astonishing. To appreciate the less noisy, for after all,
not volume of tone alone creates the highest
"Barber," takes an audience fully conversant with the Italian language; artistic effort, and a little more
shading would make his phrases more inter-
there is a great deal of fun in the Secco Recitative, which is utterly lost, if esting. Galassi makes every possible
effect with his voice, and Campanini
you have to rely on the libretto for information. Moreover, we think that is just the reverse, he makes any possible
effect without his voice. He
an opera like the " Barber of Sevilla " cannot be produced effectively in a electrified the audience in the finale of the third
act in spite of his hoarse-
large opera house; and should only be produced in smaller theatres to ness, and managed to get through the Spirto geutil
in a manner worthy of
heighten the stage effects. Former representations of this opera under Mr. praise as far as artistic diction is concerned.
Mapleson's management at our Academy of Music showed many empty rows,
A performance of "Lohengrin" was announced, but while we are
this time the house was packed. What is still more astonishing is, that the
performance was declared acceptable, while according to our own opinion it writing these lines we do not know whether the promise had been fulfilled,
was one of the worst we ever have witnessed. Our modern singers have lost and if so, with what result. The last week of the season is to be opened by a
revival of "La Forza del Destino," the same opera which proved a failure
the faculty of handling opera bouffe.
winter here, and in former years in other cities. Col. Mapleson seems
The whole affair was sombre and mournful, and gave the impression, as last
to
have
a special foible for that opera of Verdi's, and having the scenery and
if the fun intentionally had been toned down by order of the management dresses he
that an airing will do them good before being shipped to
on account of the Lenten season. In a performance of the "Barber" the England. thinks
Malicious
have been afloat that the reproduction of "La
sparks of humor should fly around, and here everything was dull and dry. Forza del Destino" reports
is solely due to the influence of the beautiful Mary
Del Puente was the only artist on the stage who seemed to understand the Louise
who longs to appear in a strong part before the New York
treatment of the music. If the others had taken his cues the representation public. Swift,
If really Mme. Swift exerts so much influence over the manager,
would have been better. Signor Ravelli was as fair an Almaviva, as now-a- we are only
sorry that she is not able to charm her listeners with equal
days can be found. The days of Gardonis, Calzolaris and Labocettas are strength. Mme.
may sing to please her manager, and her manager
passed, and only occasionally a tenor may be found who can do justice to may allow her to Swift
sing to please her; this is mutual convenience; but the
the runs and scales of Rossini. But even in such a case let the tenor public has no interest
nor share in these proceedings; they are considered
beware of touching Verdi; the least attempt will destroy his powers in the private affairs, and Mme.
Swift's occasional appearances on the operatic
direction of light vocalization, and Almaviva will have lost his representa- stage are regarded as something
unavoidable. Least said soonest mended.
tive. Ravelli sings so many different styles this season, that his Almaviva
could not be more than a conversational character, which did justice to all
STEINWAY HALL.
which lay within his reach, and left out what was beyond. Mme. Gerster
made her first appearance as Rosina in this country and was deservedly fT^HERE was a lull in the concert season during the past two weeks. No-
applauded after a very excellent rendering of Benedict's "Carnival of JL body feels grieved about it, for, indeed, we have had one of the richest
Venice " in the Lesson Scene of the second act. If the opera was only musical harvests which can be imagined in a city. The lull has become a neces-
mounted for the sake of introducing the "Carnival," the management did sity, and we accept it gracefully, till in a few weeks the fever of testimonial, an-
well; otherwise Mme. Gerster's Rosina has to be recorded as a failure. The nual and farewell concerts will break out, and close the season in full blast
role, originally written for a contralto, has been usurped by all light and in a dignified manner. This kind of concerts belongs to the necessities of
sopranos for many years, and the role belongs now-a-days to everybody. So musical life, and cannot be abolished, although the general public does not
much has been altered and changed in Rossini's music, that only the take any interest in musieal entertainments of more complimentary, than
skeleton has been left, and everything in the shape of adornment is not by artistic character.
the composer. We will not reproach Mme. Gerster for having sinned now
The only important concert of the last few weeks at Steinway Hall, was
and then against the score, but we have the right to demand artistic con- the Farewell Recital of Mr. Franz Rummel, which occurred on Thursday after-
UNREASONABLE DEMANDS.
N
MUSICAL PERFORMANCES.
82
Music Trade Review -- © mbsi.org, arcade-museum.com -- digitized with support from April
namm.org
5th, 1881.
THE MUSICAL CRITIC AND TRADE REVIEW.
noon, March 24 The artist formerly had the intention of giving seven re-
citals, but it seems that other arrangements of more private character inter-
fered with the second series of his recitals, and he closed with the fourth
recital. He offered on this occasion the following programme :
Chromatic Fantaisie and Fugue, Johann S. Bach ; Sonata, op. 57, F
minor, (appassionata), L. Van Beethoven ; Eondo Cappriccioso, E minor,
op. 14, F. Mendelssohn ; Etudes Symphoniques, op. 13, E. Schumann; Im-
promptu, op. 91, No. 1, F. Schubert; Berceuse, Valse, A flat, op. 42, Noc-
turne, D flat, op. 27, No. 2, F. L. Chopin ; Etude, op. 2, No. 6, "Sioiseau
j'e*tais," Ad. Henselt; Gavotte, Gliick-Brahms ; Serenata from op. 15, Mosz-
kowski; Siegmund's Liebesgesang, Feuerzauber, Der Eitt Der Walkiiren,
Wagner-Brassin
A large audience was present, and followed the gigantic task of the
pianist with great and undivided interest. Mr. Bummel will leave this coun-
try very soon, it may be for years, and it may be forever, and on the eve of
his departure for Europe, it is only just to acknowledge that Mr. Eummel
gave great pleasure to the musicians and the musical public during his so-
journ in America. He is an earnest artist and a man of conceptional facul-
ties. At the same time, we must not forget that he has improved wonder-
fully since he came here. "When he made his first appearance in New York
he was unripe, and accordingly given to exaggerations, he is now an artist,
not without blemishes, but with so much genuine stuff in him that he will
be instantly recognized as an excellent pianist, wherever he may appear.
We hope that fate will bring him back to the United States after a few
years.
Mr. E. A. Saalfield, gave the tenth concert of his series on Monday night,
March 28, with the support of the following artists . Miss Belle Cole, Miss
Zippora Monteith, Miss Lizzie Bacon, Miss Kate Vashti Hill, Mr. M. M.
Weed, Signer Gadoy, Carl Lanzer and Signor La Villa. Mr. Saalfield has
the greatest talent of any man in New York, of bringing a crowd of singers
and players together, hitherto utterly unknown in professional circles. We
shall henceforth call him "Saalfield, the discoverer."
THE THROAT IN ITS RELATIONS TO SINGING.
A SERIES OF POPULAR PAPEES BY WHITFIELD WAED, A.M., M.D.,
TO THE METROPOLITAN THROAT HOSPITAL.
PHYSICIAN
vni.
How TO TAKE CARE OF THE VOICE.
There are many different agents which, more or less, influence the voice.
I shall, however, confine my remarks to the four principal ones; viz : Cli-
mate, Dress, Diet and Exercise, and treat of each individually.
CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES.
Change of climate undoubtedly will for a time exert some slight deleteri-
ous influence on the delicate tissues of the larynx, but this influence is, in my
experience, greatly over-estimated. The climate of America, which is the
most changeable of any country under the sun, can be taken as an excellent
standard ; here we frequently have three out of the four seasons represented
in a single day—Spring in the morning, Summer at noon, and Winter at
night—and yet we constantly have sojourning with us the best vocal artists
of Europe, whose voices do not seem to be materially affected by the change.
The effect which our climate is apt to exert upon the new arrival is a slight
congestion of the larynx, which in turn produces a slight amount of hoarse-
ness, especially marked at nightfall. As soon, however, as the singer be-
comes acclimated, the symptom will disappear. The same rule applies here
as elsewhere, that unless the vocalist leads a regular life, avoiding every
excess, he cannot retain the gift entrusted to his care. By keeping the body
up to a high standard of health, he will be able to combat successfully the
different climatic changes to which he may be subjected. All ordinary
affections of the throat are either directly or indirectly caused by the influ-
ence of the atmosphere and the changes so characteristic of it.
The houses which many of us occupy have been constructed without the
least concern as regards their ventilation, hence, when fresh air is needed,
the windows must be lowered ; this procedure is not generally necessary
during the day, because pure- air readily effects an entrance through the me-
dium of the doors, which are constantly being opened and closed, but at
night when all entrances are barred, the lowering of the window becomes an
imperative necessity. If we sleep in closely confined apartments, the oxygen
—which is the element in the atmosphere absolutely necessary to life—con-
tained therein becomes speedily used up, and its place taken by carbonic
acid gas, which is a product of the waste of the body, and is exhaled through
the lungs. This consumption of oxygen and surcharging with carbonic acid
produces a vitiated atmosphere, which will poison the system in direct pro-
portion to the state of vitiation and the amount inhaled. The symptoms of
carbonic gas poisoning—many of which my readers have undoubtedly ex-
perienced—are headache, weakness of body, languor, dullness of intellect,
lividity of countenance, and, in marked cases, great difficulty of breathing,
which will result in fatal asphyxia unless pure air be speedily allowed to
enter. There are several well-known cases in which the speedy death of a
number of persons confined together has resulted from the neglect of the
most ordinary precautions for supplying them with air, that of the " Black
Hole of-Calcutta," which occurred in 1756, being the most noted. In this
instance, 146 prisoners were confined at night in a single room 18 feet square,
provided with two very small windows ; in the morning 23 only were found
alive, the balance, 123, having died of suffocation.
THE BODY WHEN OVERHEATED SHOULD NEVER BE EXPOSED TO DRAUGHTS OF
COLD AIR.
When the body is overheated, its surface is covered throughout its
entirety with profuse perspiration. Now, if while in this condition it be
subjected to cold, all the minute sweat pores which abound on its surface
and through which the perspiratory fluid oozes, will be instantly closed,
which in turn will cause an instantaneous checking of perspiration. When
the cutaneous secretion is checked in the above manner on any portion of
the frame, all the blood is driven from the surface to the organ or organs
immediately subjacent, which causes them to be supplied with a much
greater amount of sanguinious fluid than is necessary, producing congestion
the precursor of inflammation. If the system is in prime order, it will gen
erally be able to combat successfully this congestion and prevent its develop-
ment into inflammation, but if it is weak and run down, inflammatory
action is a foregone conclusion. The reason why the larynx, and the other
organs in its immediate vicinity, are so frequently attacked by cold are two-
fold: First, they are very near the external surface of the body, being
covered in lean persons by the skin and a few ribbon-like muscles; Second,
they are situated in that part of the frame which is, as a rule, unclothed.
There is a time when the singer is especially liable to take cold, and that
is when he proceeds from a warm apartment into the colder atmosphere
beyond immediately after acts of vocalization. The larynx when at work
requires a greater amount of blood than during rest; this causes it for the
time being to be in a congested state, which congestion, however, is per-
fectly natural; when the larynx has accomplished its task and is quiescent
this natural congestion gradually subsides, until the vocal organs contain
only their normal quantity of blood. Now, if the vocalist should expose
himself to the cold street air before this congestion has entirely subsided, he
is almost sure to suffer from his indiscretionary act.
OUT-OF-DOOR SINGING.
This species of vocalization is especially injurious to the voice. It
requires a much greater effort on the part of the performer to be heard in
the open air than within the confines of a theatre or hall; this extra effort
soon wearies the voice, and will certainly strain, if not paralyze, the vocal
ords if persevered in after a sense of fatigue is experienced. One of the
most tedious cases of paralysis of the vocal bodies that has ev«r fallen to
my lot to treat was produced in this manner.
ALL CLOTHING SHOULD BE LOOSELY ATTACHED TO THE BODY.
The style of dress adapted by the votaries of fashion of the present age
s not only decidedly uncomfortable, but also decidely unhealthy; the wearer
is as it were in a vice, and the chest and abdomen are unnaturally confined,
which preveats the lungs, and other organs contained therein, from acting
in a normal manner. When a fashionable belle dons her dress, she is com-
pelled, before the garment can be fastened, to evacuate a large quantity of
air from the lungs.
Some years ago the ill-effects of tight-dressing were forcibly impressed
upon my mind by an autopsy that I witnessed at Bellevue Hospital. The
subject—a female, aged about thirty—had, no doubt, for years striven by a
system of lacing to lessen the diameter of her waist; this—as the post-
mortem revealed—she accomplished, at the cost of her life. Upon opening
the abdomen, the surface of the liver was found to be stamped with the im-
pression of the ribs, the latter bodies having been driven about one-quarter
of an inch directly into the substance of that organ. The injury thus
inflicted brought about a series of phenomena, which culminated in death.
As the lungs are important factors in singing, it follows that impairments in
their action will alter the quality of the voice. An unnatural confinement
of the chest and waist will seriously impede vocalization, by not only pre-
venting a full inflation of the lungs, but also compelling the employment
of forced or false breathing, which will soon fatigue the voice and render it
useless. It is my firm conviction that many of the tones popularly known
™° "throaty," are produced by this last-mentioned style of breathing.
THE DRESS SHOULD BE WORN HIGH IN THE NECK.
The sensible female artiste avoids as much as possible appearing on the
stage in full dress, that is, low neck and short sleeves. Only those who
have been behind the scenes in one of our metropolitan theatres can appre-
iate the dangers to which an improperly dressed singer is exposed from the
numerous draughts which sweep the stage in every direction from every
wing. The larynx requires plenty of room for its proper mechanical action,
hence articles of wear such as collars, cravats, bands, etc., should never
tightly encircle the neck.
AVOID AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE THE WRAPPING UP OF THE THROAT WITH
COMFORTERS, MUFFLERS, ETC.
When once the throat becomes accustomed to "bundling," it demands
that the habit be faithfully persevered in. What effect does this "bundling "
have on the vocal organs'? It renders the delicate tissues of which these
parts are mostly composed exceedingly sensitive and very susceptible to the
action of cold.
The fashion has been in vogue during the past few years of wearing
what is designated by the patentees as " chest protectors." Several varie-
ties of these so called " protectors " are manufactur* d, the peculiar virtues
of which it is unnecessary to state here. It is sufficient for me to assert that
they are injurious, and that the person wearing them violates a fundamental
principle of health, in that he causes one portion of the chest to be more
thickly covered than another. Assidously guard against the wetting of the
feet. Many a sore throat can be ascribed to thoughtlessness or inattention
to this point. Be careful to remove all overcoats, sacques, furs, etc., when
entering a warm apartment, for these appliances are safe-guards against cold,
and if worn while tarrying in a heated hall or room, unless the stay be brief,
they soon lose their efficacy.
FOOD
Has a double office to perform within the human organism. 1st. To supply
nourishment. 2nd. To supply heat. The article of diet that has the special
property of producing heat in the body is fat. When this substance, which
may with propriety be called fuel, enters the stomach, which may be called
the stove, it undergoes a process of combustion, which generates heat.
This explains the reason why the temperature of the body remains at nearly
the same point throughout the entire year. This establishes the point that
fat is necessary to health. It is not necessary to eat the clear fat of meat, in
order that fat as such may effect an entrance into the body, for there are
many articles which enter into an ordinary bill of fare that contain great
quantities of it; for instance, butter, gravies, salad-dressings, milk, some of
the vegetables, soups, etc., and from which enough heat can be obtained to
satisfy all ordinary wants in a temperate climate such as ours. With regard
to food, the several points which the singer is most desirous of obtaining
information about are—
1st. What style of diet will conduce most to the preservation of the
voice.
2nd. When ought the meals to be partaken, and
3rd. How long after eating can vocalization be safely entered upon.
The diet of the singer should be bland as well as nutritious, he should
eat those things which have the dual quality of being easily assim-
ilated, and very nutritious. Of the different kinds of meats, venison,

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