Coin Slot

Issue: 1983 March V8 N7

Coin Slot Magazine - #V8N7 - 1983 - March [International Arcade Museum]
game
repair
ELECTRONIC
GAME
POWER SUPPLIES
by Jay Hanna,
Steve Lawless,
Alan Preis
In the last issue of The Coin Slot
diode in this circuit is positioned
Ea = Ep x 0.32
we discussed AC line power,
with its anode attached to an AC
Ea = Epp x0.16
sinusoidal wave forms, trans
generator(transformer or line cord),
These equations will be useful to
former types and basic diode action.
Before we begin to discuss the var
ious types of rectification, I would
like to mention the different values
of AC voltage waveforms: RMS (ef
fective), Average, Peak, and Peak to
it will only pass the positive half
determine what the final output volt
cycle of the AC waveform. The re
sultant Ea (average voltage) for half
wave rectification is 52 volts.
The following equations show the
age of a given power supply should
relationships between these voltage
serious problem. The resultant wave
form from this type of rectifier is
Peak
waveforms. They are applicable to
very difficult to smooth out (filter)
any value of effective AC voltage
(not necessarily 115 volts AC). It is
neither necessary, nor relevant from
a repair standpoint, to know how
these equations are derived.
into a steady, clean (non-rippling)
As shown in Figure 1, a 115 volt
AC power line has an actual peak
voltage (as measured from a zero
voltage reference) of approximately
163 volts. The peak to peak voltage
would therefore be 326 volts. Think
of this voltage as the useful amount
be.
The half wave rectifier has one
DC voltage, which is required for
most electronic devices. One type
of circuit that can solve this problem
is the full wave rectifier (Figure 4A).
Erms = Ep x 0.707
Epp = Ep x 2
of AC, or what value your voltmeter,
Figure 4A
Ep = Erms x 1.414
5:1
would indicate if the voltage were
measured.
Referring to Figure 2, we see a
Figure 3
Load
Diode
pulsating DC voltage, which is the
result of half wave rectification. This
waveform can be obtained by using
the circuit shown in Figure 3. Re
member, a diode can only pass cur
rent in one direction, and since the
Load
80VAC
:
A full wave rectifier circuit makes
use of a center tapped transformer.
In this type of transformer an extra
lead or tap is provided at the exact
Erms
electrical center of the transformer's
secondary. If this center tap is
grounded, the voltages at each end
of the secondary will be 180 degrees
out of phase with each other.
Figure 1
end of the secondary is at its most
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positive peak in the sine wave, the
voltage at the other end of the
secondary will be at its most nega
tive peak (see Figure 4B). The volt
Ep163V
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12 International Arcade Museum
© The
In
other words, if the voltage at one
age at point A of the transformer's
secondary is shown as a solid line
52V
in this figure, while the voltage at
point B is depicted as a dotted line.
To understand how a full wave
rectifier circuit works refer to both
THE COIN SLOT
http://www.arcade-museum.com/
Coin Slot Magazine - #V8N7 - 1983 - March [International Arcade Museum]
foes, the green class contains three
members:
Figure 4B
Slick,
a
small
character wearing glasses;
impish
Sam,
Slick's counterpart sans glasses;
A
and a small green ball. Unlike the
first two classes, contact with the
three green characters is desirable.
Touching the ball freezes all objects
except Q*Bert, allowing the player
to hop around the screen unmolested
Contact with Sam or Slick earns
Figure 5
points for the player. An added in
11.3V
Ea 7.2V
v:
OV.
centive for catching these two quickly
is that they change the color of any
cube touched by Q*Bert to its previous
color.
The player has one defense besides
Figures 4A and 4B. We have a
center tapped stepdown transfor-
_.
fi
Figure o
mer with an applied primary voltage
of 80 VAC and a turns ratio of 5:1. I
:
former is therefore 16 VAC. How-v^
-
The secondary voltage of this trans- u*\
ever, since we have grounded the
center tap of the transformer's sec
ondary, the applied voltage to each
diode is 8VAC (Erms). During the
first half cycle of the applied AC volt
age (time 1) point A of the secondary
swings positive, forward biasing the
:
the green ball; discs that hover near
the edge of the pyramid. Hopping
onto a disc transports Q*Bert to the
pyramid's top. A well timed jump will
cause Coily to plummet off the
pyramid, scoring additional points
for the player. A disc is not reusable,
so a player must carefully plan the
use of discs.
Scoring for the game is simple.
The operation of this circuit is the
Making contact with Slick or Sam
following: during the first half cycle
of the secondary voltage waveform
jump off the pyramid scores 500
scores 300 points, causing Coily to
top diode. At the same time, point B
swings negative, cutting off the bot
(when point A is positive and B is
points, and changing a cube's color
tom diode. Therefore, only a positive
voltage is felt at the load, point C. At
time 2 point A of the secondary
swings negative, turning off the top
diode, but point B is now going
negative) current flows from point B
to the target color scores 25 points.
through diode 3 to ground through
Players are also awarded bonus
the load through diode 1 to point A.
points for successfully completing
Notice that with point A positive
and B negative (180 degrees out of
phase) both diodes 1 and 3 are
a round. The bonus starts at 1,000
positive allowing a positive voltage
to again be felt at point C when the
bottom diode turns on. The resultant
waveform is shown in Figure 5. It
turned on while diodes 2 and 4 are
cut off. During the next half cycle
current flows from point A through
has a ripple frequency of twice the
input AC voltage (normally 60 Hertz).
The output ripple frequency is usu
ally 120 Hertz. Using the previous
equation for Ep, we find we have a
peak voltage of 11.3 volts DC. Since
our ripple frequency has doubled, a
new equation is used to find:
Ea : Ea = Ep x 0.64
Therefore, for this circuit Ea is 7.2
volts DC.
Even though a full wave rectifier
circuit has advantages over a half
wave rectifier, there are two major
problems with this circuit. It requires
a center tapped transformer, which
is often more expensive than a nor
mal transformer. And it produces a
peak output voltage that is only half
the value of a half wave rectifier. A
circuit that combines the best fea
tures of half wave and full wave rec
tifier circuits is the bridge rectifier
(Figure 6).
MARCH 1983
The play itself offers players the
chance to develop patterns while
diode 4 to ground through the load
new chal-
lengea The second level makes
(in the same direction!!!) through
diode 2 to point B. The net result of
to reach the target color. Another
this circuit is a positive DC waveform
at point C having the same appear
ance as Figure 5 (twice the ripple
frequency of a half wave rectifier)
but, if we were to use the same
transformer as in Figure 4A leaving
the center tap open (ungrounded),
Ep and Ea would be doubled.
Next article: filtration and regu
lation.
ARCADE
PARADE
m
o
Continued
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s The second class of foes consists
ro
ed f ade-mu of a series of red bouncing balls.
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These balls tumble down the
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pyramid, smashing everything in
:
their path. Contact with these objects
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© The International Arcade Museum
points and increases by 250 points
for each round thereafter.
results in the loss of one life.
The third class consists of the
green characters. As with the purple
constantly presenting
players jump onto each cube twice
level has cubes revert back to their
original color the second time they
are touched. Coupled with a pat
terned release of objects, players
can feel they are mastering the
game without doing so too quickly.
Graphically the game is appealing.
Q*Bert is a cute character that is
well animated. The purple foes are
sinister looking, and the green class
appears mischievious The animation
is basic but well executed. Players
can enjoy the movement and actions
of the game's characters. The
ambience created by the cartoon
speech bubbles is a treat This simple
touch creates a special link between
player and game; the game expresses
the feelings that the player has
when he loses a life.
Continued on page 18
13
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