Coin Machine Review (& Pacific ...)

Issue: 1943 December

Making Democracy and the World
Mutually Sale
-by--
ARTHUR GRAHAM GLASGOW, M. E., Sc., D. Eng.
FOREWORD
(Winning the war and winning the peace
are recognized by leading industrialists, econ-
omists, advertising experts and social planners
as inseparable parts 01 the same problem-
and it is one which laces us with ever-in-
creasing urgency day by day. What matter,
we are reminded, if we are victorious and
vanquish the enemy on the field 01 battle, if
in the meantime we have failed to prepare
the groundwork for a permanent and secure
peace when the war ends?
Mr. Glasgow's essay seeks to improve the
quality and authority 01 the controlling hu-
man element in national government, on
which all national and international issues
depend, but it is not influenced by any hope
of universal spiritual reaction, following this
brutalizing war. On the contrary, it aims at
the control of human weaknesses, in the
realm 01 politics, by eliminating practices
that now discredit democracy and threaten
As described last month, the operation of
unrestricted suffrage in Great Britain is
limited by potent factors that do not exist
in the United State. Moreover, in the Amer-
ican sense, Great Britain has no domestic
racial or climatic problem~_ Her 45 millions
cover Ie area tban evada, whose popu-
lation in 1940 was 110,247_
Yet, notwithstanding these political limi-
tations and admini trative advantages, sup-
ported by traditional respect for authority,
the extension of British democracy to unre-
stricted suffrage mu t · bear its share of
responsibility for the contemporaneous
shrinkage of Great Britain from world-lead-
ership to the current statu of herself and
of the world_
On the other hand, the United Sta tes,
with 34 time the area of Great Britain and
with the gravest racial and administrative
problems, ha practically no brake on unre-
stricted suffrage except the Constitution-
which is ubject to amendment as follows:
"The Congress, whenever two-thirds of
both Houses sball deem it necessary, shall
propose Amendment to this Constitution,
or, on the Application of the Legislatures
o[ two-thirds of the several States, shall call
a Convention for proposing Amendments,
which, in either Case, shall be valid to all
government.
In presenting this second installment of the
three-part article by Glasgow THE REVIEW is
not entering politics. Instead, in the interest
of all learned individuals within our industry,
we are presenting this treatise for study and
consideration without editorial commendation
or condemnation.
THE EDITOR
PART II
We now reach the crux of this discus-
sion, namely consideration of Democracy
as practiced in the United States-and its
foreign repercussions.
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Intents and Purposes, a part of this Con-
stitution, when ratified by the Legislatures
of three-fourths of the several States, or by
Conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the
one or the other Mode of Ratification may
be proposed by the Congress;" (such ac-
tion is not subject to Presidential veto_)
The first mode of ratification ha always
been followed, except in the case of the
twenty-first amendment revoking prohibi-
tion; and the decision of each State Legis-
lature might have been determined by a
mere majority of its voting members.
l'vloreover, where there are more than
two candidates, members of both the Con-
gres and the State Legislatures may be
elected by pluralities far less than the ma-
jority of tho e voting; and the Constitution
is interpreted by a Supreme Court ap-
pointed by Presidents possibly elected
(through the Electoral College) by even
less than a plurality of those voting.
It goes without saying, therefore, that
any evils resulting from unrestricted suf-
frage, a practiced and restrained in Great
Britain, will be correspondingly magnified
by unre tricted suffrage-practically unre-
strained-in the United States.
XII
As noted last month, the British civil
service is d ivorced from politic un til the
Prime Minister and his Cabinet (all being
members of Parliament) are reached_
Whichever party is in power, and how-
ever mistaken its domestic and foreign
policies, it is assured of administrative
efficiency.
With far greater domesti c problems, the
United States, in step with extension of
uffrage, has been largely ruled by "spoils-
patronage" as expressed in Andrew lack-
son's slogan, " To the Victors Belong the
Spoi ls!"
The "s poils-patronage" system has be-
come both the weapon and the armor of
Our po liticians, beginning with the Presi-
dent; and ha broken all records during
the present Administration .
Its long-practiced methods of Federal
a id for local interests- usually obtained by
trading in congressional votes-include:
Useless deepening of rivers and harbors;
one-sided civil-war pensions; unneeded
roads and larger postoffices; repairing reck-
less depletion of farms and forests; and
many other responses to localized "lobby-
ing."
More recently have been added: Bonl1 es
and allowances to uninjured "veterans" of
the First World War; vast agricultural
and unemployment expenditures; improvi-
dent silver and unlimited gold purchases;
many other responses to broadly organized
"lobbying"; and, perhaps even more dis-
turbing, Federal aid urging municipalities
to engal(e in tax-free competition with the
existing heavily-taxed utilities, already pro-
viding ample supplies of electricity with ef-
ficiency that i the envy of foreign Coun-
tries. To wit:
(a) The Recent Convention 0/ the Amer.
ican Legion voted to admit our New Forces
into that organization. Our Armed Forces
are to number II,OOO,OOO by the end of
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COI N
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REVIEW
8
FOR
DECEMBER
1943
1943. If our past "politics" persist, and if
these immense F orces (and their fa mili es)
repeat th e demands of the Leg ion follow·
ing the F irst World War, th e Treasury will
be virtuall y in th eir ha nds a fter thi s ec·
ond World War.
( b ) Agricultural E x penditures in 1941
(accordin g to th e World Alm anac) to·
tal ed $1,368,757,026, or about on e·quarter
of th e annu al spendabl e receipts of th e
Treasury in preceding yea rs.
Notwithstandin g thi s hu ge tribute a nd
the ma intenance of " parity pri ces" as min·
ima, th e " Bi ~ F our" fa rm o r~a niza ti o n s,
throu gh the con gression al F arm Bloc, seize
eve ry opportunity afforded by this wa r of
survi val, to extort furth er benefits from
th eir countrymen, and thu s defeat our be·
lated efforts to chec k ruin ous infl ation. See
the up;ly di clo ure by Raymond Clapper
in New York Wo rld·T el e~ ram , Se pt. 25 .
1942, reprodu ced in R ea der's Digest of
Nov., 1942.
( c) Unemployment ex penditures in 1941
( a cco rdin ~ to th e World Alm a nac ) totaled
1,735,255,043, b ein /l: about on e·third of
th e annu al s pendabl e receipts of th e U. S.
Trea ury in p recedin /l: yea rs. Countless ex·
a mpl es of wasteful ways, mea ns, and h abits
of thi s vast expenditure may be le ft to
spea k fo r th emselves.
(d ) Th e S ilver Purchases (payin g from
60 % to 100'/c more for dom esti c than for
foreign silve r) are far worse th a n a so p, of
the usual politica l character, to ecure th e
votes of the " Silver States".
This past and continuous purchase and
storage of silver, rega rdl ess of th e criti ca l
need for it in our war industri es and the
disturbinp; effect on th e currencies of Chin a
and oth er Countri es, is bli.mtl y described
in Twelve Men A gainst Th e Nation, con·
den sed from Barron's in Read e r's Di /l:est
of ov., 1942. To quote th erefrom : " Yet,
though our governm ent is also a wa re of sil o
ver's strateg ic importa nce today, politics
prevent th e use of the on e war metal of
whi ch we have a surplus . . . This co untrv'
s ilver policy, whi ch has been merely a n a n·
noyin /l: scandal for e ight years, is now a
c rime."
(e) Unlimited Gold Purchases, at a fix ed
p rice for all, a re in explicable. Why should
we enri ch ali en gold· producin g countries,
in order to establi sh a n a rtifi cial min e of
useless gold in Kentu cky, whe n (for th e
merest fracti on of uch ex penditure) we
might h ave been accumulatin p; strateg ica l
ma teri a ls now priceless, of which we are
a " have· not" nation ?
The Sec reta ry of th e Trea ury, in reply·
in g Ma rch 22, 1939, to Qu estion 6 of Sena·
tor Wagn er's Questionnaire, " Why doesn' t
the Treasury stop buying gold?", gave
lengthy expl a nati ons th a t boil down to
this-We have seized the bull by the tail
a nd ca nnot let go! Since th en the Treasury
has acquired ome e ight billions more gold.
Confusion is wor e confound ed by th e
prese nt action of th e Governm ent- whil e
continuin g unlimited purchases of fore ign
gold- in c lo s in ~ all domesti c ~old mines,
except those of in ignificant size or pro·
du cin g substa nti al quantit ies of other met·
al s, because strategic and base metal s a re
now more desirabl e than p;old.
(f) F ederal Aid, to Induce Municipali·
ties to Compet e with E xisting Utilities,
prior to 1938 comprised free p;rant up to
45 % of th e cost of labor and mate rials
n eeded, with loan of th e balan ce requi red
for completion of the new proj ect- whi ch
prohibited the purchase of existin p; pl ant.
Such wasteful dupli cation , by a tax· free
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In the summ er of 1941 , Pres id ent Ben·
on (of H ardin g College, Arkan sas), su p·
portin g th e ceaseless war against waste of
Senator Byrd, showed con p; ressional com·
mittees how two billion dollars (over on e·
third of the Treasury's spend abl e in com e in
precedin g yea rs ) could be annually saved
in domesti c non ·defen e expenditure. Some·
what s imilar sa vinp;s have been urged by th e
Brookings In stituti on a nd oth er publi c·
s pirited bodi es-a nd less definitely by th e
Treasury.
But, although Dr. Ben 011 rece ived th e
unanimous thanks of th e W ays and Mean s
Committee for thi
testimony, and th e
C hicago Journal 0/ Co mmerce iss ued two
million re produ ctions before its publi c was
a ti sfi ed, " politi cs" prevail ed- until vast
wa r·w astes a bsorbed so me of this peace·
waste.
Much is hea rd nowadays con cernin g
moral e; but what ca n be more des tru ctive
of nati onal morale than demoralizin g na·
tion a l "politi cs"? Both in la nguage a nd in
nation al tolerance, " politics" ha becom e
an expl anation or excuse for an y so·call ed
politi cal action whi ch do not over·step
the borderline of " racketeerin g". Other·
wi se good citi zens will do for party or self,
und er th e gui se of " politi cs", wh a t th ey
would never do in th eir purely personal reo
la tions with society·at·large.
Not only has such " politics" des troyed
effi ciency in local , state a nd national ad·
ministration, but acqui esce nce in uch meth .
ods by th e nation·at·large, as in eparabl e
from democratic governm ent, has corres·
pondingly deteriorated th e chara cter, not
only of our government, but also of our
citizenry. In short, "spoils· patronage" is
both incredibly wasteful a nd nationally de·
gradin g.
All this and more are th e evil fruits of
· 's poil s·patrona ~e"-a legal growth of in·
direct bribery and corruption , that has its
upper roots in never·ceas in g electionee ring
and its dee per roots in unrestr icted suf·
fra ge; for a n unworthy vote, suffi ciently
la rge to hold th e ba lance of elec toral power,
is needed to ma inta in such a system.
XIV
Still more menacing, beca use th ey threat·
en both national and individual liberty, are
the organizations whi ch attain th e ir ends
by direct impa ct of "strikes" aga inst th e
(See DEMOCRA.CY, Page 10)
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